硬孔灵芝和赤芝孢子油的脂肪酸、角鲨烯及麦角甾醇类的比较

Comparison on FattyAcid Profile,Squalene and Ergosterols between Spore Oils Extracted from Ganoderma duropora and G. lucidum

采用超临界CO_2流体萃取技术分别从硬孔灵芝(Ganoderma duropora)和赤芝(G.lucidum)孢子粉中萃取分离孢子油,采用气相色谱(GC)法测定孢子油(萃取条件相同)的脂肪酸成分和角鲨烯含量,用气相色谱-质谱联用选择性离子检测(GC-MS/SIM)模式测定麦角甾醇类成分和总含量。结果表明:两种孢子油中脂肪酸成分组成相似,在不同分离条件(分离I和II)下获得的样品(分别标记分离I和II得到的硬孔灵芝样品为A和B,赤芝样品为C和D)均由油酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸和棕榈酸组成,4种脂肪酸在硬孔灵芝中占检出成分的95.1%～96.3%(质量分数),在赤芝中占97.0%～97.9%(质量分数),其中硬孔灵芝A和B中两种不饱和脂肪酸(油酸和亚油酸)的相对含量分别合计为71.2%和73.1%,略低于赤芝(C和D分别合计为76.8%和77.7%);两种孢子油中均检测出开链三萜——角鲨烯,其在硬孔灵芝孢子油A和B中含量分别为0.40mg/g和0.44mg/g,在赤芝孢子油C和D中分别为0.41mg/g和0.43mg/g;两种孢子油中也均检测出至少4种麦角甾醇类成分,组成相似,其中硬孔灵芝孢子油A和B中含量分别合计为1.9mg/g和2.9mg/g,与赤芝孢子油(C和D中分别为2.4mg/g和2.7mg/g)中相近。

Spore oils from Ganoderma duropora and G. lucidum were extracted by supercritical fluid CO2 extraction method. For each species, two separation conditions （Ⅰ and Ⅱ） were applied, and the resultant spore oil samples （A and B from G. duropora and C and D from G. lucidum） were respectively analyzed for their fatty acid profiles and squalene contents by GC-FID, and ergosterols by GC-MS/SIM. The results showed that the fatty acid profiles of spore oils from these two species were similar. All four spore oil samples contained oleic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid and palmitic acid, constituting 95. 1% - 96.3% of mass fraction in spore oil samples A and B, and 97.0% -97.9% of mass fraction in spore oil samples C and D, respectively. The sum of mass fraction of the two unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid and linoleic acid, were 71.2%, 73.1%, 76.8% and 77.7% in spore oil samples A, B, C and D, respectively. Squalene was detected in all four spore oils and its concentration in A, B, C and D were 0.40, 0.44, 0.41 and 0.43 mg/g, respectively. There were at least four ergosterols detected from each spore oil sample and the ergosterol components of these spore oils were similar. Total ergosterols in spore oil A, B, C, and D were 1.9, 2.9, 2.4 and 2.7 mg/g, respectively.