遗产人类学视域中的保护与传承

Conservation and Inheritance in the Perspective of Anthropological Study of Heritage

文化遗产作为现代性社会进程中出现的一个概念,其产生和发展与这种进程中所产生的人类主体意识是密不可分的,但这种主体意识又是与现代性社会进程的普遍性相悖的。既通过"文化遗产"这一人类共有的遗存来彰显自我文化因子的积淀,又通过自我所特有的文化遗产来标榜我者与他者之间的差异。当文化遗产可以作为象征资本、文化资本参与到社会型构过程中时,这一文化性的概念体现出在与他者交往的过程中,我者最具解释力的一面。我者与他者通过文化遗产共通的普适价值理解他者、认识我者,并承认他者与我者是作为人类整体而存在的。因此,遗产人类学的理论研究是嵌合在人类社会发展过程中的,是对人类社会整体存在与发展的一种解释。

Cultural heritage is a concept emerged in the process of social modernity. Its emergence and development are inextricably linked with human subjective consciousness which emerged in this process and is contrary to the universality of the process of social modernity. It both highlights the accumulation of self - cultural factors through common cultural heritage of human remains, and flaunts the difference between oneself and the other by unique cultural heritage. When cultural heritage can be used as symbolic capital and cultural capital to participate the process of social configuration, this cultural concept reflects one self＇ s most explanatory power in the process of exchanges with the other. The one understands the other and the other knows the one through the universal value of common cultural heritage, and they admit that both exist as whole human beings. Therefore, the theoretical study of human heritage is embedded in the process of human social development, and is an interpretation of the existence and development of human society as a whole.