人口流动、资源互惠与多民族社区发展——延边T市河村的实地研究

Population Mobility,Reciprocal Resource and the Development of Multi-ethnic Community——A Field Research of He Village of T City in Yanbian Prefecture

改革开放以来,东北朝鲜族人口呈现出跨境和跨地区不断外流的现象。在延边T市朝、汉杂居的河村,大部分朝鲜族青壮年已去韩国打工。村庄人口大量外流,社区人口减少现象比较严重。朝鲜族把自己的土地流转给汉族,汉族得到土地发展规模农业与新型农业。土地对于朝鲜族已经变成一种次要资源,而对汉族是首要资源。基于这样的差异,河村朝、汉两民族的资源交换呈现互惠关系,进而形成一种互惠经济。在互惠经济的作用下,近几年社区主体开始回流、社区中两民族间交往逐渐增多,促进了多民族社区的发展。河村的人口流动——资源互惠——多民族社区发展,是在全球化背景下,在当代中国社会转型和市场经济作用下形成的一种良性互动模式。这种互动模式使河村朝、汉两民族成为"发展的受益者"。

Since the reform and opening up, there has been a constant cross border and trans -regional outflow of population of Korean ethnic group in Northwest China. In He Village of T City inhibited by Han and Korean people, most Korean young people went to work in South Korea. With a large amount of outflow population, there was a serious depopulation in the community, and Koreans transferred their land to Han people who developed scale and new agriculture on their enlarged land. With land becoming a secondary resource for Koreans but a principal resource for Han people, there is a reciprocal relationship between Koreans and Han people in their exchange of resources, which further develops into a mutually beneficial economy. Under this economy, in recent years, the main population of the community began to flow back, and the communication between them increased which promoted the development of multi - ethnic community. The change from population mobility to reciprocal resources and then to multi - ethnic community development displays a benign interaction model formed in social transformation and market economy in contemporary China under the background of globalization. In this pattern of interaction, Koreans and Han people of the village are both the beneficiaries of the development.