成都平原栽培方式对不同类型水稻生长发育及产量形成的影响

Cultivation Methods in Chengdu Basin:Effect on Growth and Development and Yield Formation of Different Rice Types

为明确成都平原水稻直播技术的适宜品种和配套高产栽培技术,以杂交籼稻‘德香4103’和常规籼稻‘金农丝苗’为材料开展了田间试验,调查测定了直播、机插秧及人工移栽等3种栽培方式的生育期、分蘖成穗、叶面积消长、干物质积累、产量及其构成因素。结果表明,栽培方式间产量的差异与品种有关,杂交籼稻品种直播产量与人工移栽产量相当,高于机插秧;常规籼稻直播产量最高,机插其次,人工移栽最低。此外,直播稻群体数量增长最快,成穗以主茎和一次低位分蘖为主,抽穗后光合生产能力品种间存在显著差异。直播稻群体规模大,采用常规籼稻直播更有利于协调群体和个体的关系,依靠穗数优势实现高产。

To explore suitable varieties and high yiled cultivation technique for rice direct sowing in ChengduBasin,a field experiment was conducted with ‘Dexiang 4103＇（indica hybrid rice variety） and‘Jingnongsimao＇（conventional indica rice variety） as materials.Growth period,tiller ear,the dynamics of leafarea,dry matter accumulation,yield and its components of three cultivation methods（direct sowing,machine-transplanted seedling,artificial transplanting） were investigated and determined.The results showed that thedifferences of yields among cultivation methods were related to varieties.For indica hybrid rice variety,theyield of direct sowing was equal to that of artificial transplanting,they were higher than that of machine-transplanted seedling.For conventional indica rice variety,the yield of direct sowing was the highest,followedby that of machine-transplanted seedling,and that of artificial transplanting was the lowest.In addition,thequantity of direct sowing population developed the fastest,the ear was based on the main stem and low tillering,and the photosynthetic capabilities among varieties had obvious differences after heading.The directsowing rice had big populations.Direct planting of conventional indica rice variety was beneficial tocoordinating the relationship between groups and individuals,and got high yield by more ear number.