氮肥、密度对寒地超级稻‘龙粳31’产量的互作效应研究

Interaction Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Density on Yield of Super Rice ‘Longjing 31' in Cold Region

试验采用单因子和二次正交旋转组合设计,探讨氮肥密度互作对寒地超级稻‘龙粳31’产量、干物质重及产量构成的影响情况。结果表明:产量与氮肥、密度均呈显著的二次曲线关系,同时氮肥密度对产量互作效应明显,中等施氮量和较高密度互作更易获得高产。互作效应下氮肥取135.0 kg/hm2、密度取34.6穴/m2时,产量最高达9948.17 kg/hm2。高氮肥高密度配合,齐穗期干物质重最重,但此时产量却显著下降。高氮肥和高密度配合更容易获得较多穗数;但中等施氮量和较低的密度配合更易获得大穗;氮肥密度与千粒重不存在互作效应。因此科学合理的氮肥、密度相互配合,从而构建合理的群体结构,获得适宜的齐穗期干物质重,才能发挥超级稻的产量潜力。

Single factor design and quadratic orthogonal design test were conducted to study the interactioneffect of nitrogen fertilizer and density on yield,dry matter and yield components of super rice‘Longjing 31＇in cold region.The results indicated that the yield had a quadratic curve relationship with nitrogen fertilizerand density,at the same time,interaction effect of nitrogen fertilizer and density on yield was significant,and itwas easier to achieve the goal of high yield with middle level nitrogen fertilizer and high level density.Theexperiments obtained the maximum yield（9948.17 kg/hm^2） when nitrogen fertilizer was 135.0 kg/hm^2 anddensity was 34.6 points/m^2.Dry matter weight in full heading stage was the heaviest with high level nitrogenfertilizer and high level density,but the yield was significantly reduced.It was easier to achieve more panicleswith high level nitrogen fertilizer and high level density.It was easier to achieve bigger panicles with middlelevel nitrogen fertilizer and low level density.There was no interaction relationship between 1000-grain weightand nitrogen fertilizer and density.Therefore,it could build a reasonable population structure to obtain theappropriate dry matter weight in full heading stage with reasonable nitrogen fertilizer and density,in order toplay the yield potential of super rice.