四川盆地边缘山地与川中丘陵区农村劳动力转移比较——以沐川县和安岳县为例

Rural Labor Force Migration in Muchuan and Anyue:Comparison Between Mountainous Area at Verge of Sichuan Basin and Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin

四川盆地边缘山地和川中丘陵区是四川省农村劳动力的主要输出地,但其劳动力及其转移存在明显差异。为有效促进农村劳动力转移,迫切需要开展劳动力转移的区域比较研究。为此,分别选择沐川和安岳为样本县,采用分层概率抽样和农户问卷调查(813户)进行农村劳动力转移比较研究。结果表明:(1)劳动力转移仍是川中丘陵区和盆地边缘山地农村劳动力配置的主要方式,但前者转移强度和压力远大于后者。(2)县域尺度上安岳县以省外转移为主,比以省内转移为主的沐川县转移女性比重高、转移的社会问题更突出。(3)资源环境相对一致的安岳县乡镇尺度转移主要受社会经济(交通便捷度和经济条件)影响。受资源环境与社会经济分异双重影响,沐川县乡镇间转移复杂。(4)今后应充分重视川中丘陵区农村劳动力配置难度。安岳县应将区域流动与就地转化相结合,着力促进落后乡镇劳动力转移。沐川县应向就地转化过渡,着力探索就地转化。两地均应实施产业转型与农村劳动力流动有效联动。

Mountainous area at verge of Sichuan basin and hilly area of central Sichuan basin are two mainareas for rural labor force outflow in Sichuan,but there are obvious differences about rural labor force and theirmigration between the two areas.It is necessary to explore and compare the regional difference.The authorstook Muchuan and Anyue as sample counties to compare and explore the migration of rural labor force by usingstratified probability sampling method and questionnaire survey on farmer households（813 households）.Theresults showed that：（1） the migration of rural surplus labor force was still the main method for allocation ofregional rural labor force distributed in hilly area of central Sichuan basin（Anyue） and mountainous area atverge of Sichuan Basin（Muchuan）; but the transfer intensity and pressure of rural labor force in the former wasmuch greater than that in the latter;（2） at county scale,rural labor force of Anyue mainly flowed to the outside of Sichuan,and the proportion of women ratio and social problems brought by the migration of rural labor forcein Anyue were more prominent than that of Muchuan whose surplus labor force mainly flowed in Sichuan;（3） attownship scale,in Anyue where resources and environment were relatively consistent,the migration of rurallabor force was mainly affected by social and economic factors（transportation convenience and local economy）,but the migration of rural labor force at township scale was affected by both resource environment and socialand economic conditions in Muchuan,the migration of rural labor force and migrant density among townshipsin Muchuan were complicated;（4） in the future,we should pay attention to the difficulty and problems in themigration of rural labor force in hilly area of central Sichuan basin.Regional migration of rural labor forceshould be combined with situ conversion in Anyue,and the migration of rural labor force in backward villagesand towns should be promoted.In contrast,the migration of rural labor forces in Muchuan should be graduallytransferred into situ conversion,and the situ transformation of rural labor forces should be enhanced.Regionalindustrial transformation and the migration of rural labor force should be effectively linked in the two counties.