商事指导性案例的规范意义

On the Normative Significance of the Commercial Guiding Cases in China

案例指导制度的目的主要是解决司法活动中法律条文的理解与适用问题,并不具有＂造法＂功能。指导性案例的筛选机制是由各级人民法院以及最高人民法院相关审判业务单位逐级＂层报＂的,是我国法院组织机构科层制的＂产物＂。指导性案例并不具有直接的法源效力,而是间接的、特殊的效力。法官的审判活动通常而言是一个演绎推理的过程,商事指导性案例的特殊性也表现在＂三段论＂的推理过程中。商事裁判领域推出更过数量的高品质指导性案例对应实现＂同案同判＂具有重要的实践意义。在保留现行指导性案例筛选方式的基础上,拓展更为广泛的途径推荐指导性案例源。应该明确商事指导性案件选取和适用标准,法官对待决案件可能做出与指导性案件相异甚至相悖的裁判结果,但是必须进行公开引证。

The purpose of the guiding case system is mainly aiming to solve the problem of understanding and application of the legal provisions in judicial activities,and does not have the function of ＂making law＂.The screening mechanism of guiding cases is the ＂product＂of the bureaucracy of the court of our country,which is referred to by the people＇s court at all levels and the supreme people＇s court. Guiding cases do not have direct effect,but indirect and special effects. The judicial activity of the judge is usually a process of deductive reasoning,and the particularity of commercial guiding cases is also reflected in the reasoning process of＂syllogism＂. It is of great practical significance to bring more quantity of high quality instructional cases in the field of commercial adjudication. On the basis of retaining the current guiding case screening method,we will develop a broader approach to recommend guiding case sources. It should clarify the selection and application criteria of commercial guiding cases,and judges may make decisions that are different or even inconsistent with guiding cases,but must conduct public citation.