临海市农村社区高血压人群相关危险因素KAP调查情况分析

Knowledge,attitude and behavior for risk factors of hypertension in rural communities of Linhai

目的:了解临海市农村社区高血压人群相关危险因素KAP现状,为制定高血压防控政策和开展健康教育提供依据。方法:于2014年11月在浙江省临海市采用随机抽样的方法抽取高血压患者或高危人群400例为研究对象,开展问卷调查和3日盐摄入量调查。用SPSS 13.0软件对人口统计学特征、相关危险因素KAP作描述性统计分析;高血压KAP的影响因素用逐步Logistic回归方程建模推断。结果:调查对象按照医嘱服药、生活方式规律、减少食盐摄入或油脂摄入在动机和信念上得分较高,摄入蔬菜水果、戒烟限酒、体育锻炼的得分较低。经Logistic回归分析,患有高血压、文化程度高、收入较高、体重较高、盐摄入量低者的高血压知识水平较高(P<0.05);女性和高血压知识较多者的高血压防治态度较好(P<0.05);女性更易主动采取高血压控制措施(P<0.05)。结论:对农村社区高血压人群应加强高血压核心知识的宣传教育,加强按医嘱服药、限盐、饮食调节等生活方式干预措施。

Objective To explore the knowledge,attitude and behavior for preventing hypertension in Linhai rural communities and to provide a basis for the development of hypertension prevention and control policies and health education.Methods Four hundred cases of hypertensions or high-risk groups whose SBP≥130 mmHg and（or）DBP≥85 mmHg were selected as the subjects by random sampling method in November 2014.We conducted the questionnaire survey and the investigation on three-day salt intake.SPSS 13.0 statistical software was used to make descriptive analysis of demographic characteristics and knowledge,attitudes and behavior concerning risk factors of hypertension.Results Directed medication intake,regular lifestyle,reduced salt intake or fat intake scored higher on motivation and beliefs.Intake of fruits and vegetables,smoking cessation,limited alcohol intake and physical activities scored lower.Logistic regression analysis indicated that residents with hypertension,higher levels of education,higher income,greater weight and lower salt intake had more knowledge of hypertension（P0.05）.Females and residents with higher knowledge scores had a good attitude toward hypertension prevention（P0.05）.And females were more likely to take active measures for controlling blood pressure（P0.05）.Conclusions It is necessary to strengthen education of core knowledge and to take measure including intake of prescribed medicine,salt restriction and diet regulation to prevent and control hypertension.