肿瘤急症

Oncology emergencies

肿瘤急症发生在癌症患者发病以及治疗的每一个阶段，医生要识别这些急症并能够进行适当的治疗。肿瘤急症对临床医生来说是一个挑战，因为它涉及多个学科诊疗，并且需要快速干预，以避免患者死亡或严重的永久性损伤，最终目标是将管理肿瘤患者的风险降到最低。本文列举了5个常见的肿瘤急症情况，包括上腔静脉综合征（SVCS）、恶性脊髓压迫（MSCC）、颅内压增高、静脉血栓栓塞（VTE）及高钙血症。初步讨论肿瘤急症的发病率、机制、临床特征、诊断以及治疗情况。

Oncology emergencies occur at every stage of the onset and treatment of cancer patients. Doctors must be able to identify these emergencies and be able to carry out appropriate treatment. Oncology emergencies are a challenge for clinicians because it involves multiple disciplines and requires rapid intervention to avoid death or severe permanent damage. The ultimate goal is to minimize the risk of managing cancer patients. This article lists five common cases of oncology emergencies, including superior vena cava syndrome （SVCS）, malignant spinal cord compression （ MSCC）, increased intracranial pressure, venous thromboembolism （VTE） and hypercalcemia. The incidence, mechanism, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of oncology emergencies were discussed.