大豆主要农艺性状的遗传解析

Characterization of the Genetic Basis of Main Agronomic Traits in Soybean

利用亲本冀豆12(高蛋白)和冀nf58(高油)及其175份F_(9∶11)重组自交系(RIL)材料,对大豆12个主要农艺性状进行了相关性和遗传分析,以期初步解析影响产量的主要因素。结果显示:亲本在株高、主茎节数、分枝数、百粒重、油分含量、蛋白含量和单株粒重7个性状上具有显著差异。在RIL群体中,12个农艺性状均表现为典型的数量性状特征,且具有相对较高的遗传率。其中,株高的遗传率最高(0.98),茎干重最低(0.63)。除3个性状(油分、蛋白含量和百粒重)外,其它9个性状之间呈现极显著的正相关,相关系数为0.30~0.90;蛋白含量与6个性状显著负相关,但与百粒重显著正相关。各性状与单株粒重相关性依次为:单株粒数>单株荚数>叶干重>株高>分枝数>叶片数>茎干重、主茎节数>百粒重>蛋白含量>油分含量。选取19个单产最高的家系材料进一步分析表明,所测试的9个农艺性状主要遗传于母本冀豆12,而株高和主茎节数受到父本冀nf58的改良,说明通过聚合不同品种优异性状仍有提高品种产量的潜力。本研究结果可为培育高产优质大豆品种提供理论基础。

In order to determine the main factors affecting soybean yield, two soybean genotypes, Jidou 12 （high protein con- tent） and Ji nf58 （high oil content）, and their 175 Fg：,1 recombinant inbred lines （RILs） were evaluated for the inheritance and correlation among 12 main agronomic traits. The results indicated that the parents significantly differed in plant height, node number, branch number, grain yield, oil content, protein content and seed weight per plant. Among RILs, 12 agronomic traits showed typical properties as quantitative traits with high heritability, and the h~ of plant height was the highest as 0.98, while the h~ of stem dry weight was the lowest as 0. 63. Except for three traits （ protein, oil content and 100-seed weight）, the other nine traits significantly positively correlated to each other with the correlation efficiency ranged from 0. 30 ~ 0.90. Pro- tein content significantly negatively correlated to 6 traits, but significantly positively correlated to 100-seed weight. The traits successively correlated to grain yield were ： seed number 〉 pod number 〉 leaf dry weight 〉 plant height 〉 branch number 〉 leaf number 〉 stem dry weight and node number 〉 100-seed weight 〉 protein content 〉 oil content. Further analysis using 19 lines with the highest yield found that nine tested agronomic traits inherited from Jidou 12, but plant height and node number were improved by Ji nf58, suggesting that there were potentials to increase yield by integrating excellent characteristics from differ- ent varieties. The results could provide a theoretical basis for breeding high yield and high quality soybean cultivars.