基于能耗测度的道路拥挤收费模型

Road Congestion Pricing Model Considering Energy Consumption Measurement

分别建立了考虑能源消耗与拥挤收费的小汽车广义出行费用及考虑舒适性消耗的公共汽车广义出行费用,构建了由这两种交通出行方式组成的交通系统总能源消耗函数.考虑能耗对出行者路径选择行为的影响,建立能耗目标约束下的以出行时间最小为上层目标函数的双层规划模型,其中上层模型以一定节能水平下的系统延误最小为目标;下层模型满足双模式交通网络的随机用户平衡,并采用遗传算法和Frank-Wolfe算法求解.通过算例,将道路拥堵收费及节能目标抽象化后代入模型,探讨了道路收费前后交通能耗变化及在不同的节能目标情况下,道路拥堵收费的节能效果.计算结果表明,在交通需求量较大时,实施道路拥挤收费有利于减少交通能耗,当节能目标小于25%且同时采取道路收费时,路网出行时间都会相应减少.

Combined with the actual situations, the generalized costs which considering the energy consumption and congestion pricing of private car and comfort consumption of bus are established, respectively. Furthermore,regarding the travel time as the upper objective function, the bi-level programming model based on energy consumption constraint is built. The objective of the upper model is to minimize the delay of the whole system,and the lower one is stochastic user equilibrium with dual-mode choice. The genetic algorithm and Frank-Wolfe algorithm are used to solve the proposed model. The traffic management strategies are abstracted and imported into the model as two simple examples. The transportation energy consumption change before and after the toll road and the effect of road pricing with different energy efficiency goals in multiple circumstances are derived and discussed. The calculation results show that the implementation of road congestion charge is beneficial to reduce traffic energy consumption when the traffic demand is large. When the energy saving target is less than 25% and the road charges are taken at the same time, the travel time of the road network is reduced accordingly.