停站约束下多列车运力分配与定价联合决策模型

Capacity Allocation and Pricing Joint Decision Model for Multiple Train Considering Train Stop Constraints

基于收益管理的思想将铁路货运市场分为合同市场和自由市场,针对铁路运输网络中每个OD,合同市场的运力需求服从正态分布,自由市场的运力需求表现为价格的反应函数并辅以随机变量来反映需求的波动性.同时考虑列车的停站约束条件,以列车的停站方案、2个市场运力分配方案和自由市场的运价为决策变量,构建多列车运力分配和定价联合决策的混合整数概率非线性规划模型,利用粒子群算法对模型求解,通过算例验证了模型和算法的有效性.最后以双市场统一定价策略为对比方案,结果表明,本文所建立的模型可有效提高收益,且自由市场需求波动越大,收益优化越显著.

Based on the idea of revenue management, the railway freight market is divided into allotment market and spot market. For each origin-destination itinerary in the rail transport network, it is assumed that the demand for allotment market is a normally distributed random variable, and the demand for spot market is expressed as the linear function of price and is supplemented by a random variable to reflect the volatility of demand. Considering the train stop constraints, the mixed integer probabilistic nonlinear programming model of capacity allocation and pricing joint decision is established with train stop schedule plan, capacity alloction program and pricing program of spot market as decision variables, which is solved by the particle swarm algorithm, then the model and the algorithm are verufied by an example. Finally, compared with the unified pricing strategy of two markets, the results show that the model establised in this parper can effectively increase revenue, and revenue optimization is more pronounced as demand fluctuations increasing in spot market.