口腔鳞状细胞癌中肿瘤干细胞分离和鉴定的方法研究进展

Research Progress on Characterization of Cancer Stem Cells in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

口腔鳞状细胞癌是最常见的头颈部恶性肿瘤之一,复发率高,容易远处转移,对治疗不敏感,严重威胁人类健康。当前临床肿瘤免疫治疗不能有效清除缺乏分化抗原表位的肿瘤干细胞,需要灵敏而又特异的标记物来鉴定肿瘤干细胞。目前,从口腔鳞状细胞癌组织中分离肿瘤干细胞的方法主要有基于细胞表面标志的分离法和侧群细胞分离法。鉴定口腔鳞状细胞癌中肿瘤干细胞的方法包括体外细胞成球实验和体内致瘤能力的鉴定。对口腔鳞状细胞癌中肿瘤干细胞分离和鉴定方法的研究将为研发抗肿瘤干细胞疫苗提供理论基础和实验依据,从而为口腔鳞状细胞癌患者开辟新的免疫治疗途径。

Oral squamous cell cancer（OSCC） is one of the most prevalent head-and-neck carcinomas,with high relapse rates,liability to metastasis,insensitive to therapy,and severely endangers the health of human beings. Current cancer immunotherapy can＇t eradicate cancer stem cells（CSC） which lack differentiated antigen determinants,requiring sensitive and specific biomarkers to characterize CSC. Current methods for isolating CSC from OSCC include cellular biomarker based isolation and side population techniques. Methods for characterizing CSC from OSCC include sphere formation in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo. Characterization of cancer stem cells from oral squamous cell carcinoma provide the rationale to develop ＂off-the-shelf＂ anti-CSC vaccine,and will reclaim novel immunotherapies for OSCC patients.