不同生态环境对福寿螺分布的影响

Effects of different ecological environment on the distribution of Pomacea canaliculata

目的研究深圳市福寿螺的栖息习性和生态分布特征,了解影响福寿螺分布的主要环境因素。方法采集16个栖息地的福寿螺,按福寿螺的密度大小划分为三种栖息地,对三种栖息地的生态环境因子包括植被高度、植被宽度、水温、pH值、溶解氧、氨氮、硝氮、田螺密度、水体钙离子浓度、铜离子浓度、铅离子浓度进行比较分析。结果三种栖息地的溶解氧、福寿螺的密度、植被高度、植被宽度、氨氮浓度和田螺密度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);福寿螺密度与栖息地中的植被高度、植被宽度、溶解氧和田螺密度呈正相关关系(r>0.6,P<0.05),而与氨氮浓度呈负相关关系(r=-0.894,P<0.05);植被高度和氨氮浓度是影响福寿螺密度变化的主要因素。结论福寿螺的生态分布受多种环境因子包括植被、水体理化特征等环境因子的共同影响。

Objective To investigate the inhabiting behaviors and ecological distribution characteristics of Pomacea canaliculata in Shenzhen,and examine the primary environmental factors that influence the ecological distribution of Pomacea canaliculata. Methods Pomacea canaliculata was collected from 16 habitats,which were classified into 3 groups by the density. Ecological and environment factors of the 3 groups were compared including vegetation height,vegetation width,water temperature,pH value,dissolved oxygen,ammonia nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,Cipangopaludina cathayensis density,and the concentration calcium,copper ion and lead. Results There was statistically significant difference in dissolved oxygen, the density of Pomacea canaliculata,vegetation height,vegetation width,ammonia nitrogen and the density of Cipangopaludina cathayensis（P〈0.05）. The density of Pomacea canaliculata was positively correlated to the vegetation height,vegetation width,dissolved oxygen and the density of Cipangopaludina cathayensis（r0.6,P〈0.05）,but was negatively related to the concentration of ammonia nitrogen（r=-0.894,P〈0.05）. Vegetation height and ammonia nitrogen were the main factors influencing the density of Pomacea canaliculata. Conclusion The ecological distribution of Pomacea canaliculata was affected by various environmental factors such as vegetation and the physical and chemical characteristics of water.