孕前孕期体重与妊娠相关并发症及妊娠结局关系分析

Analysis on the Relationship of Progestation-Pregnancy Weight,Pregnancy Related Complications and Pregnancy Outcomes

目的探讨孕前和孕期体重与妊娠相关并发症及妊娠结局关系。方法选取我院2016年1月至2017年1月住院分娩的200例孕妇,根据BMI分为偏瘦组(BMI<18.5 kg/m^2)、正常组(18.5 kg/m^2≤BMI<24 kg/m^2)、超重组(BMI≥24 kg/m^2),根据孕妇的孕期体重增长值分为A组(△W<15 kg)、B组(15 kg≤△W≤20 kg)、C组(△W>20 kg)。比较不同孕前体重组、不同孕期体重增长组孕妇的妊娠相关并发症及妊娠结局。结果不同孕前体重组的妊娠期高血压、妊娠期糖尿病、巨大儿、新生儿窒息的发生率比较均有统计学差异(P<0.05);不同孕期体重增长组的妊娠期高血压、妊娠期糖尿病、巨大儿、新生儿窒息的发生率比较均有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论孕妇孕前的最佳BMI应控制在18.5~24 kg/m^2,孕期体重增加应控制在7~15kg,建议孕妇合理膳食、适量运动,保持心态平衡,注意调整体重,从而有效降低妊娠相关并发症及不良妊娠结局的发生风险。

Objective To explore the relationship ofprogestation-pregnancy weight, pregnancy related complications and pregnancy outcomes. Methods 200 cases of pregnant women with hospitalized delivery in our hospital from January 2016 to January 2017 were selected and divided into underweight group （BMI〈18.5 kg/m^2）, normal group （18.5 kg/m^2 ≤BMI〈24 kg/m^2） and overweight （BMI ≥24 kg/m^2） according to BMI, and also divided into group A （△W〈15 kg）, group B （15kg≤△W≤20 kg） and group C （△W〉20 kg） according to gestational weight increase during pregnancy. The pregnancy related complications and pregnancy outcomes of groups with different progestational weight and gestational weight increase were compared. Results The incidences of gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, macrosomia and neonatal asphyxia had statistical differences among groups with different progestational weight （P〈0.05）. The incidences of gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, macrosomia and neonatal asphyxia had statistical differences among groups with different gestational weight increase （P〈0.05）. Conclusions The optimal BMI before pregnancy should be controlled at 18.5 to 24 kg/m^2, and the weight increase during pregnancy should be controlled at 7 to 15 kg. Reasonable diet, proper exercise, balance of mind and attention to weight adjustment can effectively reduce the risk of pregnancy related complications and pregnancy outcomes.