基于实时荧光定量PCR技术检测阿克苏市健康人群脑膜炎奈瑟菌携带状况

Real-time PCR based detection of Neisseria meningitidis carriage in healthy population in Aksu, Xinjiang

目的了解新疆维吾尔自治区阿克苏市健康人群脑膜炎奈瑟菌(Nm)的携带情况,分析菌群结构特征,为防控流行性脑脊髓膜炎(流脑)疫情提供理论依据。方法按照分层整群随机抽样的方法 ,将调查对象分为6个年龄组,采集研究对象1份咽拭子标本,共250份,运用实时荧光定量PCR(real-time PCR)方法进行血清群鉴定。结果阿克苏市健康人群Nm带菌率为34.40%,其中B群占37.21%,X群占27.91%,C群占17.44%,Y群占5.81%,未分群占11.63%;不同年龄组、不同人群及不同流脑疫苗接种剂次人群的带菌率均不同,且差异有统计学意义。其中6~10岁年龄组人群带菌率最高,为54.39%,学生、无接种免疫史的人群带菌率分别为46.40%和39.78%。结论阿克苏市健康人群Nm的带菌率高,菌群结构复杂,存在流脑流行的风险,应继续加强健康人群带菌率的监测,针对易感人群接种流脑疫苗,结合疫情分析,制定防控措施,防止流脑暴发流行。

Objective To evaluate carriage of Neisseria meningitidis in healthy population in Aksu of Xinjiang, analyze the bacterial community structure and provide references for the control of meningococcal meningitis. Methods Throat swabs were taken from 250 healthy people in 6 age groups selected by stratified cluster random sampling in Aksu. Real-time PCR was performed for serogroup identification of N. meningitides. Results The carriage rate of N. meningitidis in Aksu was 34.40%, serogroup B accounted for 37.21%, serogroup X accounted for 27.91%, serogroup C 17.44%, serogroup Y accounted for 5.81% and the unspecified accounted for 11.63%; the differences in carriage rate among different age group, population and vaccination dose groups were significant. The carriage rate of children aged 6-10 years was 54.39%, higher than those in other age groups. The carriage rates in students and people who had never been vaccinated were high （46.40%, 39.78%）. Conclusion The N. meningitidis carriage rate in healthy population in Aksu was high, and the bacterial community structure was complex, and the risk of meningococcal meningitis exists. It is recommend to further strengthen the surveillance for N. meningitidis in healthy population, conduct meningococcal vaccination in susceptible population and take effective measures to control the outbreak of meningococcal meningitis.