钢铁生产流程物流-能流-环境作用机理及广义热力学优化

Interaction mechanism among material flows,energy flows and environment and generalized thermodynamic optimizations for iron and steel production processes

将有限时间热力学、构形理论和(火积)理论等现代热学理论与冶金流程工程学相结合,提出钢铁生产流程广义热力学优化理论.在搭建钢铁流程能耗排放仿真平台和建立分析与生命周期评价结合的物流-能流-环境作用评价方法的基础上,基于钢铁生产流程广义热力学优化理论对单体组件、工序模块、功能子系统和流程进行物流-能流-环境作用机理研究,并开展多学科、多目标的广义热力学优化.优化后流程和工艺的选择、物流和能流的分配、余能余热综合利用更加合理,流程系统得到集成、运行调控更加合理,物流-能流-环境得到综合协调,实现流程能源的高效配置和余能的梯级利用,系统能耗和排放显著降低.本文通过探索钢铁生产流程高效、节能、减排技术途径为钢铁联合企业能源环保中心的设计运行提供了理论支撑,也为一般物质转化过程高效节能的相关共性问题的解决提供了研究平台,奠定了科学和技术基础.

Combining modern thermodynamic theories, including finite time thermodynamics, constructal theory and entransy theory, with metallurgical process engineering, a generalized thermodynamic optimization theory for iron and steel production processes is proposed. The simulation platform for the energy consumption and emissions of the iron and steel production process is built, and the evaluation method of the material flows, energy flows and environment combining exergy analysis with life cycle assessment is established. On the basis of the new theory, simulation platform and evaluation method, interaction mechanism investigations for the material flows, energy flows and environment of the elemental packages, working procedure modules, functional subsystems and whole process of the iron and steel production processes are conducted, and multi-disciplinary and multi-objective generalized thermodynamic optimizations of them are also implemented. After optimizations, the selections of the processes and technologies,the distributions of the materials and energies as well as the utilizations of the residual energies and heats are more reasonable. The systems of the whole process are integrated, and the material flows, energy flows and environment are synthetically coordinated.Finally, the efficient allocation of the energies and the cascade utilization of the residual energies are realized, and the energy consumption and emissions of the whole system are significantly decreased. This paper can provide theoretical supports for the designs and operations of the energy and environmental protection center of the iron and steel enterprises by exploring the efficient,energy-saving and low emission technologies of the iron and steel production processes. It also can provide research platforms and lay science and technology bases for solving the common efficient energy-saving problems of the general material transformation processes.