西南民族形成问题探究：以“西南夷”为中心

A Study on the Formation of Southwest Nationalities with the Focus on Xi'nanyi

"西南夷"是《史记》等文献对中国西南原生民族的概称。探讨"西南夷"问题,对西南民族流变和中国民族发展与交融研究具有重要意义。"西南夷"约在距今3700年前随着西南青铜时代的开启,由氏族部落转化而成,在春秋、战国时期获得了一定程度的发展,随着西汉在"西南夷"地区统治的确立,"西南夷"开始衰落,并在两汉之交蜕化为南中大姓与夷帅控制下的新的民族体系。"西南夷"并非源于外来的氐羌、百越、百濮等民族,而是以本地居民为基础形成发展而成。"西南夷"的概念,适用于"西南夷"存在的夏朝末年到两汉之交,不宜用之称谓汉晋抑或秦汉至南北朝时期的西南民族。

Xi＇nanyi is the general term for the aboriginal ethnic groups in Southwest China in his- torical literature, including Shiji （The Book of History）. The study of Xi＇nanyi is of great significance to learn about the evolution of the ethnic groups in Southwest China as well as the development and in- tegration of the Chinese nationalities. About 3700 years ago, when Southwest China began its bronze age, Xi＇nanyi grew out of the local clan tribes and developed quite rapidly during the Spring and Au- tumn Period. As Xihan Dynasty established its rule in the Xi＇nanyi area, Xi＇nanyi began to decline and degenerated into a new ethnic system under the control of some powerful families in Nanzhong （ South- west China） and minority chieftains in the period of regime change between East and West Han Dynas- ties. Xi＇nanyi developed from the local residents rather than outside minorities such as Diqiang, Baiyue and Baipu. The concept of Xi＇nanyi applies only to those who lived from the late Xia Dynasty to the re- gime change period between the two Hart Dynasties. The term should not be used to refer to the South- west nationalities in Han and Jin dynasties or in the period from Qin and Han Dynasties to Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.