民商合一模式的演进及民法典编纂中的创新性选择

The Evolution of Unification of Civil and Commercial Law and the Innovative Selection in the Codification of Civil Code

民法和商法的关系是我国民法典编纂中的一个疑难选择。作为现代民商法渊源的《汉穆拉比法典》和罗马法是将民商一起规定的。法国关于商品经济的立法开始分为民法典和商法典，谓之民商分立模式，并为德日仿效。瑞士则于民法典中规定了商法内容，开创或恢复民商合一模式，为意大利等国追随。泰王国相关立法，内容上同于瑞士、意大利民法典，形式名称上则为民商法典。旧中国国民党立法虽采民商合一模式，但法典名称上如同瑞士、意大利仅称为民法典，而法典内容上的公司、票据等典型商法则以单行法形式独立存在。美国关于商品经济立法直呼其统一商法典，为英美法系中的新模式。中国共产党十八届四中全会决定中提出“加强市场法律制度建设，编纂民法典”，表明了民法典在加强市场法律制度建设中的基础性核心地位。十二届全国人大五次会议通过的《民法总则》坚持民商合一并颁布施行。但对其合一方式或所定商事规范见仁见智，法典其他编的编纂正在进行，故仍需对法典编纂提供智力参考，且法典颁行也并不影响学术之继续探讨。从对民商合一模式演进的研究中，仍然可见能给我国民法典编纂以新的启示和科学创造性选择。在四种民商合一模式中，名副其实、内容简约的模式是更为理想的新模式。

The relationship between Civil Law and Commercial Law is a difficult choice in the codifi- cation of Civil Code. As a source of modern civil and commercial law, the Hammurabi Code and the Roman Law stipulate that civil and commercial businesses should be together. France＇s legislation on the commodity economy began to be divided into Civil Code and Commercial Code, and this division mode was followed by Germany and Japan. Switzerland stipulated the content of the Commercial Law in the Civil Code, started or restored the pattern of unification of civil and commercial law, and was followed by Italy and other coun- tries. Relative legislation in Thai Kingdom named Civil and Commercial Code had the same contents with the Swiss and Italian Civil Codes. Though the old Chinese Kuomintang legislation adopted the model of uni- fication, the name of the code was like that of Switzerland and Italy which merely referred to as the civil code. The typical commercial law, such as Corporate Law and Bills Law in the code content existed inde- pendently in the form of single acts. The U. S. legislation on commodity economy regulates by Uniform Commercial Code which is a new model in Anglo - American legal system. In the decision of the Fourth Ple- nary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, the ＂Proposal on Strengthening Market Legal System Con- struction and Compilation of Civil Code＂ was put forward, demonstrating the fundamental position of the Civil Code in strengthening the legal system of the market. The General Provisions of Civil Law passed at the Fifth Session of the 12th National People＇s Congress upheld the unification and promulgated it. Howev- er, the compilation of the other codes is in the process of being handled in a unified manner. Therefore, it is still necessary to provide an intellectual reference to the codification of the Code while the enactment of the Code does not affect the continuous discussion of the academic issues. From the study of the evolution of the unification of civil and commercial models, one should understand new inspiration and scientific and creative choices to the compilation of the civil code. Among the four types of unification of civil and com- mercial models, the veritable one with simple content is a more ideal new model.