羁押必要性审查:从“框架构建”到“梯度制衡”

Review System of Necessity of Detention: from “Frame Construction” to “Gradient Balance”

2012年《刑事诉讼法》修法创设羁押必要性审查制度，整体框架完成构建，但由于运行机制欠缺细化，使其一度陷入制度空转困境。2016年，最高人民检察院相继出台《人民检察院办理羁押必要性审查案件规定（试行）》《关于贯彻执行（人民检察院办理羁押必要性审查案件规定（试行））的指导意见》，羁押必要性审查制度跃入深入发展期。任何制度均具有层次性，其外延大或小都是以一个要素的身份在具备内部层次性的同时与外部其他制度构成交互层级而形成纵横梯度，借鉴“梯度制衡”视角对羁押必要性审查的内外层次实施剖析，完成对其内部由初审、立案、审查、结案的程序递进构成的纵向梯度以及外部由羁押必要性审查与逮捕必要性审查、羁押措施与非羁押措施等并列机制构成的横向梯度的溯源研究、现实研究、完善研究，才能使该制度真正找到其在刑事诉讼系统中的准确定位，并在内外制衡的基础上充分发挥作用。

Changes of Criminal Procedure Law in 2012 created the framework of review system of ne- cessity of detention, while the mechanism was not specific thus made the system encountered dilemma of ni- hility. In 2016, the Supreme People＇s Procuratorate issued ＂the People＇s Procuratorate Provisions of Han- dling Detention Review Cases ＂ and ＂ Guidance on the Implementation of the People＇s Procuratorate Provisions of Handling Detention Review Cases （Trial Implementation ）＂, The detention review system has jumped into the development stage. Since every system has the internal and external level, it is wise to use ＂gradient balance＂ method to analyze longitudinal gradient which consists of internal primary review, regis- tration, review and closing processes and analyze transverse gradient which consists of review of arrestment necessity and review of detention necessity, detention measures and non - detention measures, the origin, reality and perfection analysis of the system will make the system truly find its accurate position in the crimi- nal litigation system and make full play on the basis of internal and external balances.