基于鱼骨图模型的露天煤矿高温爆破施工安全研究

Safety Analysis of High Temperature Blasting in Opencast Coal Mine Based on Fishbone Model

为了避免高温爆破施工中的早爆误爆事故,利用鱼骨图模型对施工安全进行了系统研究和分析。首先从"人、机、料、法、环"5个方面充分识别风险因素,接着分析事故发生途径,事故是众多因素共同作用的结果,最后研究风险控制措施,提出从控制装药的高温环境、提高爆破器材的耐热性能和完善施工技术管理措施3个方面共同构筑安全防火墙体系。实践表明,利用鱼骨图模型进行风险识别和风险分析,并按照避免重复投入的原则组合使用一系列风险控制措施,实现了高温爆破施工安全、成本和效率的统筹协调。

In order to avoid premature explosion accidents in high temperature blasting construction, the fishbone diagram model is used to systematically study and analyze the safety of high-temperature blasting. Firstly, all risk factors are identified by the fishbone diagram model from five aspects,＂people, machines, materials, methods and environment ＂, and the accidents will not occur when the risk control measures do not collapse at the same time as domino. Therefore, the three risk control measures,including controlling the high temperature blasting environment, improving the heat resistance of blasting equipment and optimizing the technology and management measures of blasting, are used together to build a multi-layer firewall to avoid the accidents.Practice shows that the risk can be controlled effectively and the repeated investment can be avoided.