人工耳蜗植入患儿汉语普通话开放式言语识别能力与正常儿童的异同分析

The similarities and differences of mandarin open-set word recognition between cochlear implant children and normal hearing children

目的:通过对人工耳蜗植入(CI)患儿术后开放式言语识别能力进行评估,比较CI患儿与正常听力(NH)儿童开放式言语识别能力的异同。方法:使用普通话儿童词汇相邻性测试(M-LNT)材料对485例CI术后1~8年的患儿及162例NH儿童进行开放式言语识别能力评估,使用方差分析对结果进行统计分析。结果:CI患儿与NH儿童在相同测试年龄下M-LNT得分均差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2岁前植入组CI患儿在6岁或7岁时与NH儿童3岁时开放式言语识别得分差异无统计学意义,10岁时与NH儿童6岁时得分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3岁前植入组CI患儿在8岁或9岁时与NH儿童3岁时的开放式言语识别得分差异无统计学意义,10岁时仅双音节易词与NH儿童6岁时得分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3岁后植入组CI患儿13岁时得分与NH儿童3岁得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:CI患儿开放式言语识别能力随术后时间的增加呈增长趋势,且发展趋势同NH儿童,但是发展速度滞后。早期行CI能很大程度缩短与NH儿童言语发育之间的差距。

Objective：To evaluate the ability of open-set word recognition in cochlear implant（CI）children,and compare the similarities and difference of open-set word recognition between CI children and normal hearing（NH）children.Method：This study included 485 children with CI and 162 children with NH,who completed the Mandarin lexical neighborhood test.The results for children at 1-8 years after receiving their CI were compared to those from the children with NH using analysis of variance.Result：There were significant differences in open-set word recognition between the CI and NH groups（P〈0.05）.For implantation before 2 years,there was no significant difference in recognition at the ages of 6-7 years,compared to 3-year-old children with NH,or at the age of 10 years,compared to 6-year-old children with NH（P〈0.05）.For implantation before 3 years,there was no significant difference in recognition at the ages of 8-9 years,compared to 3-year-old children with NH,or at the age of 10 years,compared to 6-year-old children with NH（P〈0.05）.For implantation after 3 years,there was a significant difference in recognition at the age of 13 years,compared to 3-year-old children with NH（P〈0.05）.Conclusion：Mandarin open-set word recognition increased with time after CI.Chinese children with CI had delayed but similar development of recognition,compared to normal children.Early CI can shorten the gap between children with CI and normal children.