多糖资源的开发应用现状及存在问题分析

Development and Application Status of Polysaccharide Resources and Analysis on Existing Problems

多糖物质作为聚合物,来源广泛、毒性低,同时有着良好的成膜性和保湿、美白、抗肿瘤、抗病毒、降血糖等多种生物活性,在多个产业中被广泛应用,是一种理想的自然资源。文章对多糖物质在食品、药品和化妆品工业中的开发应用现状及存在的问题进行了较系统的综述,以期为多糖物质的进一步开发和应用提供一定的参考。

Polysaccharides,as a polymer,have a wide range of sources,low toxicity,and also a good film-forming,moisturizing,whitening,anti-tumor,anti-virus and other biological activity. Polysaccharides are widely used in many industries as ideal natural resource. In this study,the development and application of polysaccharides in the food industry,pharmaceutical industry and cosmetics industry are reviewed in order to provide some valuable reference for the further development and application of polysaccharide. At present,the development direction of polysaccharides can be divided into two categories,some polysaccharides with no obvious bioactivity,such as starch,gum,mucus often as food and cosmetics additives; and other polysaccharides such as lentinan,Astragalus Polysaccharides,Tremella Polysaccharides with immune regulation,anti-tumor,anti-virus,hypoglycemic and other biological functions,often developed as drugs and vaccines. In the food industry,polysaccharides are widely used as functional additives and food packaging materials. In the pharmaceutical industry,polysaccharide drugs are used as antioxidants,immunomodulator,antiviral agent and other active drugs.In the cosmetics industry,polysaccharides play an important regulatory role in the skin metabolism process. However,the existing polysaccharide separation and purification method is difficult to obtain a single polysaccharide with high purity. The complexity of polysaccharide molecules leads to great difficulties in structural confirmation. The lack of effective analysis for polysaccharides in vivo always obstructes the further exploration of this kind of substance. The development of polysaccharides as food additives,health products and drugs is not ideal yet. The academic research,development and application of polysaccharide still have a long way to go. Effective measures should be taken to improve the existing polysaccharide material development model,such as developing and finding the new separation and purification technique,speeding up the standardization process of polysaccharide production,ensuring the stability of the products,making it high qualified and controllable,developing and finding new methods and new techniques for complex structure analysis of polysaccharides,breaking the technical bottlenecks between the polysaccharide material structure confirmation and structure-activity relationship,explaining the efficacy of polysaccharides from the molecules,cells,the whole animal and other multi-level,multi-channel,and finding the suitable pharmacokinetic model.