喷丸对2024铝合金试样表面质量及疲劳拉伸性能的影响

Effects of Shot Peening on Surface Quality and Fatigue Tensile Properties of 2024 Aluminum Alloy

为研究喷丸对2024铝合金表面质量及疲劳寿命的影响,对2024-T351铝合金试样表面进行不同工艺的喷丸强化处理,利用光学轮廓仪和X射线应力衍射仪分析不同喷丸工艺下试样的表面质量。并通过三因素两水平正交试验,研究了丸粒尺寸、弹丸材料、喷丸方式对2024-T351铝合金疲劳拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:丸粒材料对工件表面形貌影响较大,其表面粗糙度及残余压应力峰值由小到大依次为铝合金丸<不锈钢丸<铸钢丸;喷丸在一定程度上可以提高2024-T351铝合金的疲劳拉伸性能,各因素对铝合金疲劳拉伸性能影响程度为丸粒材料>喷丸方式>丸粒直径;选用双面喷丸方式、使用直径0.8 mm的6061铝合金材质丸粒对2024-T351铝合金进行喷丸处理,可以获得较好的表面质量及残余压应力场,较大限度地提高了铝合金板材的拉伸疲劳性能。

In order to study the effects of shot peening on the surface quality and fatigue life of 2024-T351 aluminum alloy, the surface of alu- minum alloy was subjected to different shot-peening treatments and then the surface quality of the sample was analyzed by optical profiler and X-ray stress diffractometer. The orthogonal experiment was carried out to study the effects of pellet size, projectile materials and shot peening methods on fatigue tensile properties of 2024-T351 aluminum alloy. Results showed that the pellet material had great influence on the surface mor- phology of the workpieces, and the influence degree on surface roughness and peak value of residual compressive stress was aluminum alloy 〈 stainless steel 〈 cast steel in an ascending order. Shot peening improved the fatigue tensile properties of 2024-T351 aluminum alloy in a certain degree and the influence degree of each factor on the fatigue tensile properties of aluminum alloy was pellet material 〉 shot blasting method 〉 pellet diameter, respectively. Besides, selecting the double-sided shot peening method with 0.8 nun diameter aluminum alloy pellets could get the better surface quality and the residual compressive stress field, improving the tensile fatigue performance of aluminum alloy in a larger extent.