贸易保护背景下中国光伏产业空间格局及其影响因素

The Spatial Pattern of China PV Industry Under the Background of Trade Protectionism

在绿色革命和能源革命背景下，绿色发展理念受到格外重视，其中新能源产业不仅关乎国民经济健康而且对保护环境和应对气候变化有重要意义，然而相关研究并未充分开展。文章以2011—2013年中国光伏产业为例从政策激励和绿色产业特征出发，使用计量方法考察美国、欧盟反倾销、反补贴背景下的产业空间动态及其影响因素。结果表明：①中国光伏产业从东向西依次递减，主要布局在长三角和珠三角地区；②欧美国家贸易保护政策抑制了中国光伏产业发展，促使其进一步向长三角集聚；③政策激励在全国范围内均能促进光伏发展，其中中部地区作用效果最为显著；④环境规制和环境质量仅在东部地区有利于光伏产业，当外部冲击存在时环境规制和环境质量水平高的区域受到的负面影响更小。研究认为在对光伏产业的引导中，应重视绿色产业特征、贸易环境以及不同区域的要素条件，合理进行政策配置。

In the context of the green revolution and the energy revolution, sustainable development concept has aroused great concern. New energy industries not only contribute to the health of the national economy but also essential for environmental protection and climate change which calls for more research from economic geography. Based on incentive policies and industrial characteristics, this paper analyzed the spatial pattern of China PV industry under the background of US and EU anti-dumping and countervailing. The results reveal that： （1） The distribution of PV industry in China is decreasing from east to west, mainly in the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta; （2） European and American trade protection policies inhibit the development of China PV industry and promote its further accumulation to the Yangtze River Delta; （3） Environmental regulation and environmental quality are only beneficial to the development of photovoltaic in the eastern region. Under external shock, there is less negative impact in regions where has strict environmental regulation and high environmental quality. This study suggests that in the guidance of the photovoltaic industry, governments should attach importance to the characteristics of the industry and the factor endowment of different regions.