采后晾晒对油茶种仁油脂产量及组分的影响

Effect of air-drying on seed oil yield and component of Camellia oleifera after harvest

油茶(Camellia oleifera)是我国大力推广的优质油料树种。本研究分别取花后150和170 d油茶果实,比较新鲜提取、自然晾晒及不同光质晾晒后种仁含油率及脂肪酸含量,旨在为合理采收处理提供科学依据。结果表明,晾晒能够显著提高花后150 d油茶种仁出油率,其中‘华鑫’种仁出油率的增加达5.35%。覆盖蓝色膜晾晒最有利于花后150 d的‘华硕’油茶油脂采后合成,种仁出油率高达52.42%。晾晒对花后170 d油茶种仁出油率影响不大。无论晾晒与否,脂肪酸成分不变,花后170 d较花后150 d油茶种仁中硬脂酸和油酸含量均有增加,但是品种间差异不显著。

Camellia oleifera is a high-quality oil tree of China. In this study, C. oleifera fruits were collected 150 and 170 d after flowering（DAF）. Kernel oil was extracted from fresh fruits, fruits after natural air-drying, and fruits after selective light air-drying, separately. Oil yield and fatty acid composition were analyzed, providing a scientific basis for selecting the optimal harvest time and postharvest processing technique. The results showed that the oil yield of 150-DAF fruits could be increased significantly by air-drying, and ‘Huaxin＇ oil yield increased by 5.35%. Air-drying with blue film covering was considered the best postharvest processing technique for fatty acid synthesis in 150-DAF ‘Huashuo＇ fruits, whose oil yield could reach 52.42%. The oil yield of 170-DAF fruits changed little with air-drying. Regardless of drying, the fatty acid composition of C. oleifera oil remained unchanged. Comparison of fatty acid composition showed that stearic and oleic acid levels in the 170-DAF fruits were higher than those in the 15-DAF fruits; however, there was no significant difference between the analyzed cultivars.