水芹花药发育中Ca^(2+)分布特征研究

Distribution characteristics of calcium of Oenanthe stolonifera during the anther development

应用焦锑酸钾沉淀技术对水芹发育花药中的Ca^(2+)分布特征和生理功能进行分析。在小孢子母细胞的胼胝质壁中聚集了较多的钙沉淀颗粒,其他部位较少。小孢子母细胞减数分裂后,花药药壁和药隔组织中的钙沉淀颗粒明显增加。早期小孢子先在花粉外壁基柱层中聚集了较多的钙沉淀颗粒,在小孢子质膜与花粉外壁之间也特异性聚集了许多钙沉淀颗粒。在小孢子形成大液泡过程中,小孢子质膜内陷形成小液泡,钙沉淀颗粒被包裹到小液泡中,并被转移到大液泡中,显示Ca^(2+)参与了液泡的构建。小孢子不等分裂后,二胞花粉中的大液泡分解,细胞质内含物增加,积累营养储存物——淀粉和脂滴。花粉中的钙沉淀颗粒明显减少,而药壁的表皮和药室内壁细胞中的则增加。成熟花粉中钙沉淀颗粒很少,但在花粉外壁的基柱层空隙中仍有许多钙沉淀颗粒分布。水芹花粉中的Ca^(2+)分布的特点显示其在小孢子发育的液泡代谢过程具有重要的生理功能。

The technology of potassium antimonite precipitation was used to detect Ca^（2＋） distribution characteristics in developing anther of Oenanthe stolonifera. In the callose wall of microspore mother cells some calcium precipitations accumulated, but less in other areas. After microspore mother cell meiosis, the calcium precipitates increased evidently in somatic cells and connectives of anther wall and many precipitates appeared in the baculum of exine of early microspore. Then many precipitates appeared between exine and plasma membrane of microspore. During microspore development and large vacuole formation, the plasma membrane of early microspore invaginated to forma small vacuoles, which fused to form a one. During the process, calcium precipitates were closely accompanied by vacuole formation. After microspore unequal division, the large vacuole of bicellular pollen was decomposed, the cytoplasm content increased and began to accumulate nutrition—starches and lipids. The calcium precipitates in bicellular pollen decreased sharply and increased in epidemic and endothecium cells. A few calcium precipitates accumulated in mature pollen but many still in baculum space of exine. The calcium distribution characteristic in developing anthers of O. stolonifera showed calcium a important physiologic function during vacuole metabolism of microspore.