从互惠性到宽容性:法律责任构造逻辑的嬗变

From Reciprocity to Tolerance:on the Evolution of the Keynotes in the Intrinsic Logic of Legal Responsibility

从前现代社会到主体性支撑的现代社会,法律责任经历了一个从结果责任到过错责任的转变。法律责任的这种发展受到了源自于前现代社会法律中的互惠性观念的影响,并且在民事责任领域和刑事责任领域逐步形成了一种以过错为核心的互惠性责任范式。它所遵循的是一套强调泄愤的逻辑。随着主体性社会存在问题的总体性爆发,人类进入了重建主体性的时期。这种主体性重建的努力带来了法律责任内在逻辑的演变,即法律责任愈来愈体现出对被告人的关注,愈来愈改变主体性支撑的现代社会所留下来的"他者态度"。因此,法律责任对主观过错愈来愈宽容,法律责任中泄愤性色彩愈来愈得到淡化,而社会合作的理念在法律责任中愈来愈得到凸显与加强。

From the pre-modern society to the modern society based on subjectivity,there is a transformation on legal responsibility.In the pre-modern Society,legal responsibility is based on consequence,but on the fault in the modern society.The development of legal responsibility is influenced by the concept of reciprocity,which is derived from the law of pre-modern society.And in the field of civil liability and criminal responsibility,aparadigm of reciprocity responsibility centered on fault has gradually been formed,which follows a set of logic that emphasizes vent of anger.With the general outburst of the problems of subjectivity in society,mankind has entered a period of reconstruction of subjectivity.This reconstruction of subjectivity have brought about the evolution in the intrinsic logic of legal responsibility,that is,the legal responsibility increasingly reflects the concern of defendants and changes the＂other＇s attitude＂left by the modern society based on subjectivity.Therefore,the legal responsibility is more tolerant of subjective fault,and the color of vent of anger in legal responsibility is more and more desalinated.And the concept of social cooperation is more and more highlighted and strengthened in legal responsibility.