喷灌条件下灌水与施肥对河西走廊春小麦不同生育期硝态氮分布的影响

Effects of Irrigation and Fertilization on Distribution of Nitrate Nitrogen in Different Growth Stages of Spring Wheat in Hexi Corridor under Sprinkler Irrigation

以当地畦灌模式为对照,采用完全随机裂区设计,在河西走廊(甘肃省永昌县)地区进行了大田喷灌试验,试验设置了灌水量(I高、I中、I低:3 300、2 550、1 800 m^3/hm^2)与施肥量(F高、F中、F低:337.5、225、187.5 kg/hm^2)两个因素,研究了不同灌水方式、灌溉施肥处理、生育期下0~80 cm土层硝态氮的分布特征。结果表明:喷灌灌水后硝态氮含量在0~60 cm土层处于较高水平;施肥量是引起同一土层硝态氮含量变化的主要因素;抽穗期与收获后的硝态氮差值分析结果表明,高灌水水平时硝态氮有明显淋失,大水漫灌时部分硝态氮被淋移至80 cm土层下;喷灌灌水技术对提高河西走廊地区水肥利用率有利。

Compared with the local flooding model and based on fully random design, the field test was carried out in the Hexi Corridor （Yongchang County, Gansu Province） under sprinkler irrigation and three irrigation volume treatments （Ihish, I, Ilow ： 3 300, 2 550, 1 800 m3/hm2） and two fertilization treatments （Fhigh, F, Flow ： 33＂7.5,225,187.5 kg/hm2）. Then the distribution characteristics of nitrate nitrogen in 80 cm soil layer under different irrigation methods, irrigation and fertilization treatments and growth period is studied. The results show that the content of NO3 -N is higher in 0-60 cm soil layer with sprinkler irrigation, and the amount of fertilizer is the main factor that causes the change of NO3-N content in the same soil layer. The analysis of the difference between heading and post-harvest shows that nitrate nitrogen is leached to the 40 - 60 cm soil layer under the condition of high sprinkler irrigation water, to 80 cm and deeper soil layer under flood irrigation. Sprinkler irrigation technology is beneficial to improve the utilization rate of water and fertilizer in Hexi Corridor.