不同灌溉方式对马铃薯光合特性和产量的影响

Effects of Different Irrigation Methods on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Potato

为研究膜下滴灌在马铃薯种植过程中的适宜性,试验设置膜下滴灌(DI)、裸地滴灌(OI)、沟灌(FI)和漫灌(CK)共4个处理,对比研究了不同灌水方式对马铃薯叶片SPAD值,光合特性指标以及产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:各处理均较漫灌处理(CK)显著提高了马铃薯叶片的SPAD值,且以膜下滴灌增幅最为显著,各生育期平均较处理CK高22.22%~49.58%。马铃薯全生育期内,膜下滴灌处理叶片光合特性指标均明显优于其他各处理,且各处理光合特性指标显著高于漫灌处理CK(P<0.05)。在马铃薯块茎形成期各处理光合特性指标较漫灌处理CK增幅达到最大,处理DI、OI和FI净光合速率值分别较CK高88.50%、63.34%和41.88%,蒸腾速率值高30.07%、26.80%和19.17%,气孔导度值高26.32%、19.30%和12.28%。膜下滴灌马铃薯较其他处理显著提高了经济产量和水分利用效率,经济产量分别较裸地灌溉、沟灌和漫灌处理高10.56%、29.80%和58.72%;水分利用效率高5.99%、34.80%和150.23%。综合考虑,马铃薯膜下滴灌技术较适宜在该地区推广应用。

In order to discuss the applicability of drip irrigation for potato planting, four treatments, including drip irrigation under mulch （DI）, bare drip irrigation（ OI）, furrow irrigation（FI） and border irrigation （CK）, are set to study the effects of different irrigation methods on SPAD value of potato leaves, photosynthetic characteristics, yield and water use efficiency. The results show that ： compared with border irrigation treatment （CK）, the SPAD value is significantly increased for all treatments, the drip irrigation under mulch has the most significant effect, and the SPAD value is increased average by 22.22%-49.58% than CK in the whole growth period; the leaf photosynthesis indexes of drip irrigation under mulch are significantly higher than those of other treatments in the whole growth period of potato, and those of all treatments are significantly higher than that of CK （P〈0.05） ; the growth rate of photosynthetic characteristics index reaches the maximum than CK in potato tuber period, the net photosynthetic rate of treatment DI, OI and FI is increased by 88.50%, 63.34% and 41.88% than CK, respectively; the transpiration rate is increased by 30.07%, 26.80% and 19.17%, respectively; the stomatal conductance is increased by 26.32%, 19.30% and 12.28%, respectively. Compared with bare drip irrigation, furrow irrigation and border irrigation, the yield and water use efficiency of drip irrigation under film are significantly improved, the economic yield is increased by 10.56%, 29.80% and 58.72%, respectively, and water use efficiency is increased by 5.99%, 34.80% and 150. 23%, respectively. For comprehensive consideration, the technology of drip irrigation under film is more suitable for potato planting in the area.