黑龙江省基于降雨的干旱时空分布及玉米灌溉需水规律研究

Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Drought and Irrigation Water Requirement of Maize Based on Rainfall in Heilongjiang Province

为了得到黑龙江地区不同降雨频率下的干旱情况以及玉米灌溉需水分布,利用1990-2015年黑龙江72个站点逐月降雨数据,研究了玉米生育期(5-9月)各月及全生育期的降雨分布,同时分析了不同降雨频率下各站点降水距平百分率以及玉米灌溉需水情况。结果表明:黑龙江较易发生干旱以及降雨量较少的地区是黑龙江西部的齐齐哈尔、龙江、杜蒙、泰来、大庆、肇州、肇源等地以及黑龙江东北部的鹤岗、桦川等地;7、8月为各地区玉米灌溉需水量较多的月份;在50%降雨频率下,黑龙江大部分地区都不会发生干旱,在75%降雨频率下,黑龙江有少部分地区发生干旱并需要对玉米进行灌溉,在90%降雨频率下,黑龙江大部分地区都达到了干旱标准,并需要进行灌溉。

In order to obtain the drought situation under different rainfall frequencies in Heilongjiang Province and the distribution of irrigated water demand of maize, the monthly rainfall data of 72 stations in Heilongjiang Province from 1990 to 2015 are used to study the rainfall distribution in the growth period of maize （from May to September）. At the same time, this paper analyzes the percentage of precipitation anomalies and the water requirement of maize in different rainfall frequencies. The results show that： the western region of Heilongjiang, such as Qiqihar, Longjiang, Dumont, Tailai, Daqing, Zhaozhou, Zhaoyuan and the northeastern region Heilongjiang, such as Hegang and Huachuan, are more prone to drought and less rainfall; the irrigation amount of maize in each region is more in July and August; under the rainfall frequency of 50%, drought will not occur in most parts of Heilongjiang ; under the rainfall frequency of 75%, drought will occur in a small part of Heilongjiang and the corn needs irrigation ; under the rainfall frequency of 90%, most parts of Heilongjiang reach the drought standard and need to be irrigated.