规模效应下产品具有可替代性的竞争企业的外包决策

Outsourcing Decisions under Scale Effect for Competitive Firms with Product Substitutability

针对产品具有一定替代性的两个竞争企业(分别为企业1和企业2)和存在规模效应的上游供应商的外包决策问题,构建了企业1外包前后各方的利润模型,求解了下游企业的外包和自产的最优策略以及供应商的最佳批发价格,分析了企业1的外包策略对企业2和供应商的外包决策的影响,比较了产品替代性对外包前后各决策变量的影响。研究发现:当企业的单位生产成本高于外包成本时,企业也可能选择自产;而当企业的单位生产成本低于外包成本时,企业也可能选择产品外包。并对模型进行进一步的拓展,比较了下游企业作顺序和同时外包决策两种情景的异同。

The paper discusses outsourcing decisions for a supplier with scale effect and two competitive firms（firm 1 and firm 2） with product substitutability. The supply chain contains a supplier and two downstream firms.Based on the profit functions, this study analyzes the effect of firm 1 ＇ s outsourcing on the supplier and bothfirms, finds out the optimal outsourcing strategies and the best wholesale prices, and compares the effects ofsubstitutability on decision variables before and after outsourcing. The results show that a firm may make productsby itself when its production cost is higher than wholesale price. However, a firm may also choose to outsoureeproducts when its production cost is lower than wholesale price. Then we extend the model and compare thedifference between the sequential outsourcing decision and the simultaneous one.