中药材重金属元素及其与指标性成分相关性分析

Correlation Analysis of Heavy Metals and Index Components in Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials

通过第四次全国中药资源普查试点工作从11个省份收集到12种共525批中药材,依据2015年版《中国药典》中关于Pb,Cd,As,Hg,Cu 5种重金属元素和各种中药材指标性成分测定方法,分别对525批中药材样品的重金属元素和指标性成分含量进行检测,运用SPSS 22.0软件分析不同部位中药材重金属含量相关性和单一中药材指标性成分与重金属元素之间的相关性。结果表明,根类及根茎类中药材中Pb,As,Cu,Cd这4种金属元素之间相互呈显著正相关,全草类中药材中Pb,As,Cu,Hg这4种金属元素之间相互呈显著正相关,而以女贞子为例的果实类中药材和以侧柏叶为例的叶类中药材中只有3种金属元素之间存在显著正相关,Cu和Pb之间存在负相关,说明根及根茎类中药材和全草类中药材中重金属元素的协同效应要高于果实类和叶类中药材。丹参的指标性成分丹参酮类与重金属As,Hg之间存在显著正相关,推测与丹参中丹参酮类成分和As离子生成配合物有关,具体的金属配合物发挥作用的机制需要进一步深入研究。

A total of 525 batches of 12 traditional Chinese medicinal materials were collected from 11 provinces through the fourth national survey on Chinese materia medica resources. According to the determination method in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia about Pb,Cd,As,Hg,Cu heavy metal elements and index components,the contents of heavy metal elements and index components in 525 batches of Chinese medicinal materials were tested. The correlation of heavy metals in different parts of the Chinese medicinal materials and the correlation between single index components and heavy metals were analyzed by SPSS 22. 0. The results indicated that the four metal elements of Pb,As,Cu and Cd in roots and rhizomes herbs were significantly positively correlated with each other; the four metal elements of Pb,As,Cu and Hg in whole herbs were significantly positively correlated with each other; but only three metal elements were positively correlated with each other in the fruit type Chinese medicinal herbs represented by Ligustri Lucidi Fructus and leaf type medicinal herbs represented by Platycladi Cacumen; while Cu and Pb were negatively correlated with each other. The results indicated that the synergistic effect of heavy metal elements in roots and rhizomes and whole grasses were higher than that in fruits and leaves. There was a significant positive correlation between tanshinone and heavy metals As and Hg,which may be associated with the reaction between tanshinones in Salvia miltiorrhiza and As ions to produce complex. The detailed mechanism of metal complexes still requires further study.