马齿苋化学成分及药理活性的现代研究整理

Chemical Composition and Pharmacological Activity of Portulaca olerace

通过研究马齿苋的化学成分,药理作用和现有的临床应用,为马齿苋的药效物质基础研究和开发利用提供参考。笔者以＂马齿苋＂,＂Portulaca olerace＂等为关键词,组合检索1993年1月—2017年5月在Scifinder,Pub Med,中国知网,维普等数据库中的相关文献,按照化学成分、药理作用、临床及开发利用4个方面对马齿苋现状归纳总结。马齿苋是药食兼用药物,营养丰富,广泛分布于温带和热带地区,在我国南北各地均产。在化学成分方面,马齿苋主要含有生物碱类、萜类、香豆素类、黄酮类、有机酸类、挥发油及多糖等化学成分,其中包含8个新化合物;在药理作用方面,马齿苋具有抗炎、镇痛、抑菌、降血脂、降血糖、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗衰老、增强免疫、抗疲劳、抗惊厥、止咳平喘等作用,在临床上主要用于治疗糖尿病、炎症、瘙痒症、肠胃保护、鼻疔等疾病;在开发利用方面,马齿苋主要涉及药品、保健食品、化妆品、护发品日用品及动物饲料等,是极具开发前景的中药材。

To study the chemical composition,pharmacological action and the existing clinical application of purslane,in order to provide a reference for the basic study and development of medicinal properties of purslane.The author conducted a combined retrieval of the key word of ‘Portulaca olerace＇in literatures of Scifinder,Pub Med,China Knowledge Network, Weipu and other databases between January 1993 and May 2017, and summarized the status quo of purslane in four aspects,namely chemical composition,pharmacological effects,clinical and development and utilization. Portulaca is both a medicine and food full of nutriments,and widely distributed in temperate and tropical areas in north and south China. In terms of the chemical composition,purslane mainly contains alkaloids, terpenoids, coumarins, flavonoids, organic acids, volatile oil and polysaccharides,including eight new compounds; in the aspect of pharmacological effects,purslane has antiinflammatory,analgesic, antibacterial, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, anti-aging,immunity enhancing,anti-fatigue,anticonvulsant,and cough and asthma relieving effects,is mainly used for the treatment of diabetes,inflammation,pruritus,gastrointestinal protection,nasal boil and other diseases. In terms of the development and utilization,purslane is mainly applied in drugs,healthcare food,cosmetics,daily necessities and animal feed,with a good development prospect.