论城市空间破碎化研究

Research on urban space fragmentation

空间破碎化是城市空间演进的客观现象,表现为城市空间单元碎化、空间分割加强、空间联系弱化和空间整体功能下降,具有空间形态的封闭性、空间联系的阻隔性和空间功能的失配性等特征,是城市品质提升和可持续发展的重要制约因素,是城市空间格局与过程分析的新内容。"空间破碎化"是对"景观破碎化"的拓展和深化,有助于从更为综合整体的空间视角研究城市。"空间破碎化"研究应遵循"格局过程刻画→形成机理分析→调控模式设计"的分析框架,围绕城市空间破碎化的概念、特征、测度、机理、动态模拟和调控模式等内容,采用景观指数、空间句法、多智能体情景模拟和地学信息图谱集成的方法进行多学科融贯的综合分析,可为制定城市发展政策、促进城市发展转型、实现城市可持续发展提供理论指导和方法支撑。

Spatial fragmentation is an objective phenomenon in the evolution of urban space, which is characterized by the fragmentation of urban space unit, the strengthening of space segmentation, the weakening of spatial relations and the decline of the overall function of space. Spatial fragmentation has the characteristics such as the closure of space form, the barrier of spatial contact and the mismatch of spatial functions, which should be great obstacles to the improvement of urban quality and sustainable development. The study of urban space fragmenta- tion is a new hot spot of urban spatial pattern and process research. ＂Space fragmentation＂ is an extension and deepening of the concept of ＂landscape fragmentation＂, which can help to study the city＇s complex giant system from a more integrated and holistic perspective. The study of ＂spatial fragmentation＂ should follow the analysis framework of ＂pattern process characterization, formation mechanism analysis and regulation mode design＂, and discuss the concept, characteristics, measure, mechanism, dynamic simulation and control mode of urban space fragmen- tation. The method of integrating landscape index, spatial syntax, multi-agent scene simulation and geo-informatic spectrum should be adopted, and a comprehensive analysis of multi-disciplinary integration should be carried out. The fragmentation measure of urban space can be di- vided into pattern measure, effect measure and risk measure and the global scale index and the type scale index can be used to characterize it. The formation mechanism of urban space frag- mentation can be analyzed from the evolution of self-organization, the evolution of his organization and the co-evolution of self-organization and his organization based on factor organization, behavior subject and system structure, etc. The dynamic simulation of urban space frag- mentation can be carried out from the two aspects of ＂natural development＂ and ＂regulatory intervention＂. The mode of urban space fragmentation can be divided into three modes： preventive regulation, patching regulation and integrative regulation. On the basis of defining the con- cept and characteristics of urban space fragmentation, this paper clarifies the contents and methods of urban space fragmentation research. The theoretical analysis framework of urban space fragmentation research is preliminarily established to provide theoretical guidance and method support for urban space structure from fragmentation to sustainable development.