五台山景区酒店碳排放效率的典范对应分析

Canonical correspondence analysis of hotels' carbon emission efficiency in Wutai Mountain scenic area

酒店碳排放效率的测算可以为其实施节能减排提供参考依据。首先采用数据包络分析方法计算五台山景区28家酒店的碳排放效率,其次,采用典范对应分析方法分析酒店碳排放效率与关键性指标之间的关系。结果表明:(1)9家酒店技术效率完全有效,15家酒店纯技术效率有效,9家酒店规模效率有效。(2)基于碳排放效率的差异,所有酒店可以分为碳排放效率完全型、碳排放效率较高型、纯技术效率最低型和规模效率最低型4类。(3)在典范对应分析图中,从第四象限到第一象限、第二象限,酒店类型依次由第Ⅰ组逐步向第Ⅱ组、第Ⅳ组、第Ⅲ组过渡,在此递变期间,酒店的碳排放效率不断降低。(4)利用典范对应分析的结果表达了关键性指标对酒店碳排放效率的制约作用,并识别了限制因素,为提升酒店碳排放效率指明了路径。

It can provide a reference for the implementation of energy-saving and emission- reducing to measure hotels＇ carbon emission efficiency. Firstly, the buildings area, rooms and staff number of 28 hotels were taken as the input indicators, and water consumption, power consumption and coal consumption were taken as the output indicators in Wutai Mountain scenic area. Hotels＇ carbon emission efficiency was calculated by Data Envelopment Analysis. Secondly, the relationship between carbon emission efficiency and key indices was studied by Canonical Correspondence Analysis （CCA） and Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis （TWINSPAN）. The results showed that： （1） 9 hotels＇ technical efficiency was fully effective, 15 hotels＇ pure technical efficiency was effective, and 9 hotels＇ scale efficiency was effective. （2） TWINSPAN divided all hotels into four groups. Group I had 9 hotels, accounting for 32% of the total number of hotels in this study, whose three efficiency values of carbon emissions were all 1, so they belonged to the full efficiency group. Group II consisted of three hotels, accounting for 11%. They had higher carbon emission efficiency, but there was still some room for improvement. Group III accounted for 32% of the hotels （9 hotels）. They had the lowest pure technical efficiency and should focus on the usage and transformation of low-carbon technology. Group IV had seven hotels, accounting for 25% of the hotels. They should take full advantage of utilization efficiency of the existing resources because of their lowest scale efficiency. （3） By CCA, we could see the relationship between different indicators and the ordination axis, and all of the indicators including hotels＇ construction area, the number of rooms, the number of employees, coal consumption and water consumption were showing an increasing trend from left to right on the first axis, and the number of practitioners and the number of rooms were showing an increasing trend from bottom to top on the second axis. At the same time, from the fourth quadrant to the first and the second quadrants in the CCA figure, the types of hotels＇ carbon emission efficiency were transited gradually from group I to group lI, group IV and group III. In the process of change, hotels＇ carbon emission efficiency was decreasing with obvious ＂arch effect＂. （4） The restriction of key indices to hotels＇ carbon emission efficiency was showed by CCA, and the limiting factors were distinguished, which pointed out the path to enhance hotels＇ carbon emission efficiency.