基于模糊层次分析法的生态环境脆弱性评价——以三峡水库生态屏障区湖北段为例

Eco-environmental Vulnerability Assessment Based on Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process——A Case Study in the Ecological Shelter Zone of Three Gorges Reservoir Area in Hubei Province

三峡水库生态屏障区的生态环境脆弱性评价,对屏障区自身生态系统的构建与维护、发挥屏障区对三峡水库水质和生态环境的安全保障功能,具有重要的意义。利用模糊层次分析法,基于GIS和RS技术,对屏障区湖北段的生态环境脆弱性进行了评价,并分析了主要影响因素。结果表明:(1)生态环境脆弱性以轻度、中度和潜在脆弱性为主,占屏障区总面积的74.9%,主要分布在秭归县中部和巴东县北部,严重脆弱区面积占总面积21.7%,主要分布在秭归县南部、巴东县中南部和夷陵区南部;(2)生态环境脆弱性级别较高的区域主要分布于高程800m以下、坡度25°以下、植被覆盖较低、人口密度较大的位置,人类活动是导致生态环境脆弱的重要原因;(3)在严重脆弱性区域通过构建农林复合系统,结合植树造林、生态恢复等措施,以提高植被覆盖度,是解决该区生态环境脆弱的可行性措施。

Eco-environmental vulnerability assessment for the ecological shelter zone was pivotal for protecting the water quality and maintaining the ecosystem of shelter zone in Three Gorges reservoir.By the aid of the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and GIS RS,this study performed an eco-environmental vulnerability assessment for the ecological shelter zone in Hubei province,and the main influencing factors were also analyzed.The main results were listed as follows：（1）The vulnerability of the ecological environment was mainly mild,moderate and potential vulnerability,accounting for 74.9% of the shelter zone area,which mainly located the middle part of Zigui and north part of Badong,and the 21.7% of the shelter zone was covered by the heavy vulnerability area which distributed in the southern part of Zigui and Yiling,middle and southern parts of Badong;（2）The heavy and very heavy ecological vulnerability areas mainly located in the area with the elevation lower than 800 mand the slope less than 25.,where the land was not well covered by vegetation but concentrated residence,and the anthropogenic activities was the main influencing factor on eco-environmental vulnerability;（3）Increasing the vegetation cover by constructing the agroforestry system,adopting afforestation and ecological restoration would be the effective treatments to decrease the eco-environmental vulnerability in this shelter zone.