《旅》卦:商旅之诗与《周易》的理性意识

The Lu Hexagram: Poems about Business Travels and Rational Consciousness of The Book of Changes

20世纪以来,《周易》古经包含歌谣的事实被逐渐发现与证实,对《周易》古歌的研究成为易学研究中的一个重要方面。《旅》卦爻辞中征引了一首反映殷商先祖王亥服牛贸易而丧牛有易的古歌,筮人借此史实指示休咎,供来时占者借鉴,这体现出《周易》的历史意识。《周易》中诸如《旅》卦这般征引古歌指示休咎的现象还有很多,其本质是对过往经验的借鉴与总结,由此逐渐汇聚成可资遵循的准则、规范,体现出一定的理性意识。《周易》的编辑成集是我国上古文化由巫到礼转变过程中的重要一环。

Since the twentieth Century, ballads in The Book of Changes have been discovered and colffirmed. Study on the ancient songs has become a new branch in the Yijing. The Lu Hexagram quoted an ancient song about the ancestor Wang Hai in the Yin-Shang Dynasty who tamed cattle for trade but lost his life in Youyi, the fortuneteller took the historical facts indicating good and bad fortune for future reference, which reflected the historical consciousness of The Book of Changes. There were many more similar instances, they were refer- ences and summaries of the past experience, gradually having become valuable norms, criteria and etiquettes to follow with much rational consciousness. The editing and compiling of The Book of Changes is an important part of the transformation process of ancient Chinese culture from witches to rites.