不同干燥方式对橘皮精油和黄酮的影响

Effects of different drying methods on essential oils and flavonoids from orange peels

采用晒干、阴干、烘干及真空干燥4种方式对橘皮进行处理,研究不同干燥方式对橘皮精油含量、精油组分和黄酮含量的影响。结果表明,烘干得到的橘皮精油含量最高为2.11%,其次是晒干(1.91%)、真空干燥(1.95%)和阴干(1.65%)。通过GC-MS分析,新鲜及4种干燥方式得到的橘皮精油共鉴定出23种组分,主要成分为D-柠檬烯。橘皮中的精油组分主要分为6类,分别是萜烯类、醇类、醛类、酚类、醚类及苯类。干燥之后橘皮中的黄酮含量均有所下降,其中阴干橘皮中黄酮含量最高为15.73 mg/g,其次是烘干为15.49 mg/g。综合比较四种干燥方法,烘干干燥时间短,不受天气影响,得到的橘皮精油及黄酮含量均比较高,因此烘干更适合橘皮的干燥。

The effects of different drying methods （ sun drying, shade drying, hot air drying, vacuum drying） on the content and compositions of essential oils and flavonoids of orange peel were studied.The results showed that the highest essential oil yields were obtained by hot air drying （2.11% ）, followed by sun drying （ 1.91% ）, vacuum drying （ 1.95% ）, shade drying （ 1.65% ）. Twenty-three different components were identified in essential oils of fresh and dried orange peels and the main component was D- limonene.All those volatiles components were clustered into the following families ： terpenes, alcohols, aldehydes, phenols, ethers and benzene.The content of flavonoids in orange peels decreased after drying.The highest content of flavonoids was dried by shade, followed by hot air drying, which were 15.73 mg/g and 15.49 mg/g, respectively.By comprehensive comparison of the four drying methods, the time of hot air drying was shortest and not affected by the weather easily. Meanwhile, the essential oils and flavonoids dried by hot air drying was relatively high ,which would more suitable for orange peels drying.