北京市社区老年人群日常活动能力状况及城乡比较

Evaluation of activities of daily living and related factors in community elderly people in urban and rural areas of Beijing

目的探讨北京市社区老年人群日常活动能力（ADL）状况及主要影响因素，并对城乡老年人群的差异进行比较。方法2010-2014年在北京市海淀区万寿路地区和密云县巨各庄镇对社区≥60岁的老年人群进行两阶段分层整群随机抽样。结果共纳入4499名（其中男性1815名，女性2684名）社区老年人，年龄60～95（70．3±6．7）岁。相对于城市老年人，农村老年人文化程度较低（小学及以下85．2％）、吸烟（22．8％）、饮酒（43．1％）比例较高。共有87．9％的老年人生活完全自理，ADL受损（含不同程度功能障碍）情况农村（12．4％）高于城市（11．8％），差异有统计学意义（P=0．039）。不同年龄组比较，ADL受损随年龄增加而显著增加（P〈0．05）。多因素分析结果显示，除了城乡差异（P=0．031），年龄（P=0．013）、文化程度（P=0．015）、体育锻炼（P=0．001）、患有脑卒中（P〈0．001）等均是影响ADL受损的重要因素。结论北京市社区老年人群ADL受损率相对较低，农村高于城市，年龄、文化程度、体育锻炼、患有脑卒中等均与ADL受损有关。

Objective To evaluate the activities of daily living （ADL） and related factors in community elderly people in urban and rural areas of Beijing. Methods A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Haidian and Miyun districts of Beijing using two-stage random cluster sampling method between 2011 and 2014. Results A total of 4 499 community elderly people （1 815 males, 2 684 females） aged 60-95 years were included in the study. The mean age was （70.3± 6.7） years. Compared with the participants from urban area, the participants from rural area had lower education level （85.2% had education level primary school）, but higher level of smoking （22.8%） and drinking （43.1%）. The ADL disability rate was higher in rural area than in urban area （12.4% vs. 11.8%, P=0.039）. And it increased significantly with age （P〈0.05）. Multivariate logistic regression showed besides urban-rural difference （P=0.031）, age （P=0.013）, education level （P=0.015）, physical activity （P=0.001） and stroke （P〈0.001） were related factors influencing ADL disability. Conclusions The ADL disability was relatively low in the community elderly people in Beijing, and there was significant difference between rural area and urban area. Older age, lower education level and physical inactivity and stroke were related factors.