大型工程建设规划的生态水文响应模拟——以天府国际机场建设为例

Eco-hydrologicalresponse simulation of large-scale project construction planning:a case study of Tianfu International Airport

本文以天府国际机场为例,尝试引入流域分布式水文模型(SWAT模型),探索机场建设和保护对举人河流域生态水文的影响,为工程项目保护规划的制定提供依据和评价支撑.模型校准结果显示,率定期的R2和NS值分别为0.81、0.71,验证期的R2和NS值分别为0.70、0.53,模型对流域径流模拟效果较好.结合机场建设工程和生态补偿规划,设置了"建设破坏"和"下游修复"情景,结果表明,机场"建设破坏"使流域地表径流至少增加10%、植物根部入渗量减少20%以上、实际蒸发值增加,河川径流和产水量减少,建设破坏效果明显;流域"下游修复"使地表径流、产水量和河川径流大幅减少,下游治理修复措施是有效的.

The complex disturbance, weak theoretical basis and lack of methodology are the difficulties of pro- tection program design. With Tianfu International Airport as an example, we try to apply the distributed hydro- logical model （SWAT model） to explore the Ju ren River＇s ecological hydrology response to airport construction and protection, providing a basis for the planning and evaluation of the project planning and protection meas- ures. The result shows that the R2 and NS of model calibration are 0.81 and 0.71 respectively, 0.70 and 0.53 in model validation, so the model has good effect on runoff simulation. Combined with the airport projects and ecological compensation planning, we set up ＂construction damage＂ and ＂downstream restoration＂ scenarios, the result shows that the ＂construction damage＂ scenario increases the surface runoff by at least 10%, root infiltra- tion by more than 20 %, the actual evaporation value increases, meanwhile the runoff and water production de- crease, so construction damage effect is obvious. The ＂downstream restoration＂ scenario reduces surface runoff, water production and river runoff significantly, so the ecological restoration has a certain effect