冷冻机油关键技术指标及评价方法综述

Overview about Key Technical Specifications and Evaluation Methods of Refrigeration Oils

传统制冷剂(如氟利昂)会破坏臭氧层和引起温室效应,严重危害到人类赖以生存的生态环境,因而其正全面被臭氧消耗潜能值(ODP)和全球变暖潜能值(GWP)相对较小的、环境友好的新型制冷剂取代。但新型制冷剂存在与传统矿物冷冻机油和烷基苯冷冻机油相溶性不佳等问题,需要研制新型合成冷冻机油(包括聚酯型冷冻机油,聚醚型冷冻机油和聚乙烯醚型冷冻机油)与之配套。由于使用环境的特殊性,冷冻机油与制冷剂的相溶性,冷冻机油/制冷剂混合物与制冷系统材料的相容性,冷冻机油/制冷剂混合物的物性以及冷冻机油/制冷剂混合物的润滑性等是新型冷冻机油的关键技术指标。对冷冻机油的关键技术指标及评价方法进行了讨论。

Traditional refrigerants （such as freon） can destroy the ozone layer and cause the greenhouse effect, and seriously endanger the ecological environment where we are living.So they are replaced by environmental friendly new refrigerants whose ozone depression potential （ODP） and global warming potential （GWP） are relatively low.However,there exist some problems such as unfavorable miscibility between new refrigerants and traditional mineral refrigeration oils/alkyl benzene refrigeration oils.It is therefore necessary to develop new synthetic refrigeration oils （including polyol ester refrigeration oils, polyether refrigeration oils and polyvinyl ether refrigeration oils）.Due to the particularity of working environments ,the miscibility between refrigeration oils and refrigerants ,the compatibility of refrigeration oil/refrigerant mixtures with refrigeration system materials,the physical properties of refrigeration oil^refrigerant mixtures, and the lubricity of refrigeration oil/refrigerant mixtures are the key technical specifications for new refrigeration oils.These key technical specifications and corresponding evaluation methods are discussed.