遗弃罪规制方式的社会转向

The Social Change of Crime Regulation on Abandonment

我国刑法学界长期囿于"事实中心主义"的立法方法论,在开展刑法立法论研究的过程中遇到了较多瓶颈。提倡以考察规范目的与规制手段之间的契合性为核心的规制方式审视路径对于指导我国当前的刑法立法论研究具有可行性与必要性。我国现行刑法中的遗弃罪坚持以保护无独立生活能力人的身体健康为规范目的,以巩固家庭成员之间的扶养义务为规制手段。这一规制方式在司法实践中出现了较大问题,无法在我国人口老龄化加剧、空巢家庭激增的时代背景下发挥好保护老年人生命、身体安全的作用。在立法层面进行我国社会保障模式从家庭到社会的转变,实现我国遗弃罪规制方式的转向已经势在必行。

Chinese academia of criminal law has been confined to legislation methodology of objective law centrism and encountered numerous bottlenecks in the process of carrying out the research of legalization of criminal law for a long time.In order to guide Chinese current research of legalization of criminal law,it is essential and feasible to advocate the evaluation method and the approach of regulation which focuses on inspecting the compatibility between method of regulation and purpose of regulation.The abandonment crime in Chinese criminal law takes protecting the health of the person who has no independent living capability as the purpose of regulation and considers reinforcing the duty of support among family members as the method of regulation.Nevertheless,the approach of regulation that mentioned before confronted some difficulties in judicial practice.More concretely,at the background of aggravating trend of aging population and increasing number of‘empty-nest’families,that approach did not make a contribution to protecting the life and safety of the age.Consequently,it is imperative to make the pattern of social security transform from family to society and bring out the conversion of the approach of regulation of abandonment in China at a legislation level.