中国文化整体视域下的宗教学研究

On the Study of Religion with an Integral View of the Chinese Culture

宗教文化是人类文化中非常重要的方面。我们要把宗教教育看作是人文教育里面一个非常重要的部分,或者说看作一种基础教育。从小学来讲可以是国民教育,从大学来讲可以是通识教育。蔡元培先生认为可以“伦理代宗教”、“哲学代宗教”、“美育代宗教”,指向了宗教学教育引导人性走向真善美的根本立场。研究宗教这种文化现象有各种路向,法无定法。在西方的宗教观念里面,“神圣性”和“世俗化”是相分离的,而中国宗教的特点是“人圣性”和“生活化”相统一的。故而,用一些生搬硬套的西方宗教学的概念来研究中国宗教并不适用。每一种宗教文化特点的形成是跟它整个的文化特质分不开的。认识中国的宗教文化,需要关联到整个中国文化背景和人文特质。

Religious culture is a very important aspect of human culture. We should think of religion education as a very important part of human education, or as a basic education. In elementary school, it could be National Education and in the university, you can call it General Education. The great educator Mr. Cai Yuanpei believes that the ＂ Ethics of religion＂ ＂philosophy of religion＂ and ＂aesthetic education of religion＂ point to the fundamental position of education, which is to guide human nature towards truth and beauty. There are various ways to study the cultural phenomenon of religion. In the western religious concept, ＂sanctity＂ and ＂secularization＂ are separated, while Chinese religion is characterized by ＂human sanctity＂ and ＂life style＂. Therefore, it is not applicable to study Chinese religions with some simple concepts of western religious teaching. The formation of each kind of religious culture is inseparable from its whole cultural characteristics. To understand the religious culture of China, we need to integrate it with the whole Chinese cultural background and cultural characteristics.