就地就近城镇化背景下农民工市民化的成本测算与发现——基于河南省三个县市的比较

Cost Calculation for Citizenization of Rural Migrant Workers under the Local and Nearby Urbanization Background——Comparison among Three Cities in Henan Province

基于就地就近城镇化背景与社会调查,调整农民工市民化成本测算指标,优化相应测算模型;选取河南省三个不同发展程度的中小城市,利用平行结转分步法、成本计算分类法,使用年鉴、公报数据测算得到农民工市民化年度人均总成本分别为4.10、5.53、6.31万元。分析发现:就地就近城镇化不同于异地城镇化,就地就近城镇化下农民工市民化总成本更低、外部成本更高,政府、企业和个人分担的成本金额变化较大;城市发展程度越高,总成本越低;政府不仅是农民工市民化的主要推动者,更是成本的主要承担者;较大的基础设施建设投入是欠发达地区面临的主要问题,较高的民生投入是较发达城市市民化的核心与关键;农民工放弃土地成本有所增大,但市民化使农民工能力与素质得到提高,一定程度缓解了土地丧失、户籍改变带来的诸多问题。

Based on a survey in the context of local and nearby urbanization,this paper adjusts the cost calculation index system for granting urban residency to rural migrant workers and optimizes the corresponding calculation model. In three small and medium size cities at various development levels in Henan province,the annual total costs of citizenization of rural migrant workers are calculated at 41,000 Yuan,55,300 Yuan and 63,100 Yuan,which is estimated based on the data from the yearbooks and public reports by the method of parallel closing process and classification of cost calculation. The results show that： Compared with the traditional off-site urbanization,the local and nearby urbanization leads to a lower cost of citizenization,stronger externality,and significant change in cost sharing among the government,enterprises and individuals. The total cost decreases as a city＇s development level increases. The government is not only the main promoter of citizenization of rural migrant workers,but also the cost undertaker. Lack of infrastructure input is the main problem of the undeveloped regions while the higher input in livelihood is the key of citizenization in the developed regions. The cost for farmers＇ abandoning their lands has become higher,but the human capital of rural migrant workers has been improved through citizenization,which has relieved various issues caused by loss of land and rural hukou.