施用污泥堆肥对土壤中重金属累积和大豆产量的影响

EFFECT OF SEWAGE SLUDGE COMPOST ON SOYBEAN: HEAVY METAL ACCUMULATION AND YIELD

针对污泥堆肥施入农田后土壤中重金属含量情况及其安全问题,比较连续三茬施用化肥(NPK)、施用有机肥(M),单施污泥堆肥(W_1)和不同比例污泥堆肥与化肥配施(W_2—W_5)的处理下土壤和大豆籽粒中Cu、Zn、Cd、Cr、Pb 5种重金属的积累以及大豆产量的变化情况。研究结果表明:与CK处理比较,施用污泥堆肥增加了土壤中Cu、Zn的含量,对其他3种重金属的含量没有显著影响;大豆籽粒中的重金属含量均没有超过GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》;施用污泥堆肥和施用化肥、有机肥均可达到增产增效,与CK相比,单施污泥的处理W_1达到的最大增产幅度为50.7%,但是与80%(W_2)和60%(W_3)泥堆肥差异性不显著,而且W_2与W_3对土壤中重金属含量的影响较小,表明80%与60%的污泥堆肥施用量对于大豆是适宜的。

In order to study the soil heavy metals content after sludge compost applied to farmland,and safety problems of the farmland,we compared the accumulation of Cu,Zn,Cd,Cr,and Pb in soil and soybean seeds and the change of soybean yield under the treatments of the three consecutive stubbles of chemical fertilizer（NPK）,organic fertilizer（M）,single application of sludge compost（W_1）,and different ratios of sludge compost and chemical fertilizer（W_2—W_5）.The results showed that：Compared with CK treatment,sludge compost application increased the content of Cu and Zn in soil,while had no significant effect on the content of the other 3 heavy metals;the content of heavy metals in soybean seeds did not exceed＂Maximum Levels of Contaminants in Foods＂（GB 2762—2012）;application of sludge compost,chemical fertilizer,and organic fertilizer all could achieve the effect of increasing yield;compared with CK,the largest increase of soybean yield under the single application of sludge compost could reach 50.7%;however,there was no significant difference between 80%（W_2）and 60%（W_3）sludge compost,and W_2 and W_3 had little effect on the content of heavy metals in soil,which indicated that the sludge compost of 80%and 60%were both suitable for soybean.