词义中物性角色的分布及其对词语释义的影响——以“颜色语素+名物语素”复合词为例

The Qualia Role Distribution in Word Meaning and Its Influence on Word Interpretation——Taking “Color(yán) + Noun(míng)” Compound Words as An Example

汉语复合词的意义大多是不透明的,需要专门的解释。为了进一步了解复合词的语义透明情况及其成因,本文以"颜+名"复合词为例,从物性角色在释义中的分布入手进行了考察。结果发现:1)不透明的意义占绝大多数(98%),透明的意义只占很小的一部分;不透明的意义中通常包含2-4种物性角色,透明的意义中通常只包含1种物性角色。2)不透明意义的物性角色分布是有规律的——物性角色分布和词的语义类型直接相关,语义类型相同的词语,往往物性角色分布也相同。利用这些规律,可以建立复合词的物性角色分布序列,为同一语义类型复合词建构统一的释义模版,进而改善已有的复合词释义。

The meaning of compound words is mostly untransparent, which requires specialized semantic interpreta- tion. In order to further understand the semantic transparency of compound words, this paper, taking ＂Color（ydn） ＋ Noun（m^ng） ＂ compound words as an example, studies the distribution of Qualia role of compound words. Through the study, there are two discoveries： 1 ） The transparent meaning usually contains 2 -4 Qualia roles, the untransparent meaning usually contains one Qualia role. 2） The Qualia role distribution of untransparent meaning follows some rules, e. g., the distribution of the Qualia role is directly related to the semantic type of the word. And words of the same semantic type often have the same distribution of Qualia roles. Using these rules, we can establish the Qualia role distribution sequence, and can construct a unified interpretation template, and can improve the interpretation of compound words.