马克思论悲剧与喜剧——历史哲学、戏剧学与美学的三重透视

Marx on Tragedy and Comedy:A Three-domain Study on Philosophy of History,Drama and Aesthetics

马克思关于悲剧与喜剧的论述以历史哲学为切入点、以戏剧学为观察点、以美学为引申点,虽然具有自己的美学内涵,但大大超越了通常的美学含义。历史、戏剧、美学成了一个整体,历史被赋予某种特殊的戏剧化的文学形式,悲剧与喜剧充当了一种社会文化批评的范式,发挥了重要的社会作用,也产生了独到的美学效果。但是,由于历史、戏剧、审美三者并不一定具有统一性,所以有时候在马克思那里形成了裂痕。

Karl Marx＇s discussion on tragedy and comedy starts with philosophy of history as the point of penetration, drama as the observation point, and aesthetics as the extension point, which is greatly transcending normal aesthetic implications, though in possession of aesthetic connotation. Philosophy of history, drama and aesthetics are intertwined into a whole in which history is en- dowed with some specific literary form of dramatization, and tragedy and comedy work as a paradigm of social and cultural criticism generating important social functions and unique aesthetic effects. However, these three domains are sometimes split in Marx＇s thought for they are not always unified.