《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中的本体论生活美学思想初探

On the Ontological Living Aesthetics Expressed in The Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

《1844年经济学哲学手稿》是马克思重要的美学文献,本身具有很强的思想张力,研究者从不同角度做过多种解读。这些解读大多以实践为基础,在美的艺术范围内搭建马克思美学。但从马克思的表述来看,物质生产实践只是生活决定性力量中的一个层面,美的艺术也只是马克思美学视野下的一种。将生活作为美学思考的出发点,将美的属性赋予各种生活方式而不唯独限于美的艺术,应该是马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的美学主题,是一种本体论生活美学的表达,这也令马克思美学走出传统理论美学的视域,在活着和如何活的生活层面切入到人的生存问题当中。

The Economic and Philosophic Manuscript of 1844, as important literature of Karl Marx ＂s aesthetics, has been interpreted in different directions because of its ambiguity. Despite of the disagreements, the interpretations have something in common, that is, most of the researchers build Marx＇s aesthetics on the very basis of practice within the realm of fine arts. According to Marx, however, the practice of material production is merely one of the decisive powers in life, and fine art is also one of the life modes his aesthetics concerns about. Taking life as the starting point for aesthetic thinking and making beauty the quality of various life modes rather than merely the attribute of the art of beauty can be viewed as the theme of Marx＇s ontological living aesthetics expressed in the ＂Manuscripts＂, which transcends the limitations of traditional aesthetics theories and addresses the realistic issues of human existence on the level of living and how to live.