论社会形态的两个层级——“五大社会形态”理论的新阐释

On the Two Levels of Social Formation:A New Interpretation of “The Five Major Social Formations” Theory

在历史发展的"五大社会形态"中包含着两个层次:原始社会和共产主义社会属于第一层级的社会形态,是大尺度社会形态,而奴隶社会、封建社会和资本主义社会则是第二层级的社会形态,是小尺度社会形态。原始社会和共产主义社会都拥有长得不可比拟的时间跨度,为了能够更确切地理解这两个社会形态,我们可以合理地推测:它们内部都应该包含着一系列第二层级的社会形态,而且这些社会形态都具有自身演化和依次替代的历史规律。共产主义社会不是单一的而是复合的,它其实是人类历史发展的一个新纪元,其中包含着一系列有待展开的社会形态,社会主义社会应该是其第一个社会形态。采用这样的历史哲学框架,有利于解释人类历史的未来发展,也有利于更好地定位我们所处的历史方位。

There are two levels in the historical development of ＂the Five Major Social Formations＂, in which the primitive society and the communist society belong to the first level of social formation and are large-scale social forms, whereas the slave society, feudal society and the capitalist society belong to the second level of the social formation and are small-scale social forms. Both primordial and communist societies have unparalleled time span. To understand these two forms of society more precisely, we can reasonably speculate that they both should contain within themselves a series of second-level social forms, all of which all have their own laws of evolution and substitution in turn. The communist society is not simple but complex, in the sense that it is actually a new era in the development of human history. It contains a series of social forms to be unfolded and the so- cialist society should be its first social form. The adoption of such a framework of historical philosophy contributes to explain the future development of human history and helps to better locate the historical position of us.